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Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3

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Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management

Abstract

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is arguably the most important virus disease of grapevine, economically on par with the foremost fungal and bacterial maladies of grapevine. This chapter reviews recent progress in research on Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), the generally accepted “main etiological agent” of GLD. The molecular characterization of the ~18, 500 nt ssRNA GLRaV-3 genome and annotation of its 12 open reading frames have largely been completed, albeit functional confirmation for most ORFs is still eluding researchers. The development of infectious GLRaV-3 clones should progress this aspect significantly. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allowed considerable progress in identifying the multitude of GLRaV-3 genetic variants and, through the use of metagenomic approaches, firmly established GLRaV-3 as the primary viral agent associated with GLD. The various levels of host-pathogen interactions, including the potential role of small RNAs in this complex plant-virus interaction, are receiving increasing attention with a number of studies now attempting to link biological characteristics of the virus and physiological impacts on its grapevine host. As with most virus diseases, aspects of control are focused on accurate and reliable detection and prevention of disease. Developments in GLRaV-3 detection, especially quantitative detection of the different variant groups, as well as NGS-based metagenomic approaches, are discussed. Disease eradication and management are illustrated with descriptions of a few case studies.

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Acknowledgments

JTB and HJM acknowledge the support of the Wine Industry Network for Expertise and Technology (Winetech), Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) of the Department of Trade and Industry, and the National Research Foundation (NRF) for their financial assistance toward this research. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the authors and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF.

RAN acknowledges the support provided by the Washington State University’s Agricultural Research Center, the Wine Research Advisory Committee of the Washington State Wine Commission, and the Washington State Grape & Wine Research Program.

PG would like to thank Gustavo Nolasco for the encouragement and support and acknowledges the support provided by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), for research projects PTDC/AGR-GPL/099512/2008 and SFRH/BD/41826/2007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    J. T. Burger & H. J. Maree

  2. Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij: Institute for Deciduous Fruit, Vines and Wine, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    H. J. Maree

  3. MeditBio, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    P. Gouveia

  4. Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova deLisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. Da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    P. Gouveia

  5. Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA

    R. A. Naidu

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Baozhong Meng

  2. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Giovanni P. Martelli

  3. Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Deborah A. Golino

  4. Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA

    Marc Fuchs

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Burger, J.T., Maree, H.J., Gouveia, P., Naidu, R.A. (2017). Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 . In: Meng, B., Martelli, G., Golino, D., Fuchs, M. (eds) Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_8

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