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Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management pp 127–139Cite as

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1

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Abstract

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1, family Closteroviridae, genus Ampelovirus) is one of the five recognized viral species associated with the grapevine leafroll disease complex. A causative role in grapevine leafroll disease has been attributed to GLRaV-1 due to its consistent presence in symptomatic Vitis vinifera cultivars. The virus has been reported worldwide and occurs singly or in coinfection with other grapevine viruses. The approximately 18.7 kilobase genome encodes a hallmark gene array made up of nine putative open reading frames (ORFs). The 5′ proximal ORF, made up of ORF1a and ORF1b, encodes proteins required for virus genome replication. The remaining eight ORFs are expressed through a nested set of subgenomic RNAs that are collinear and 3′ coterminal with respect to the virus genome. Unlike other GLRaVs, GLRaV-1 uniquely has two divergent copies of the coat protein. The virus is known to occur as genetically diverse populations in vineyards and can be detected using serological and molecular diagnostic assays. Several species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and soft-scale insects (Coccidae) have been documented as vectors of the virus. The epidemiological characteristics of GLRaV-1 appear to be similar to other ampeloviruses and integrated control strategies, involving a combination of virus-tested planting stock, cultural practices, and vector control, can be deployed to minimize the spread of the virus in vineyards. More research is needed on the molecular biology, vector transmission specificity, and host-virus interactions for understanding the role of GLRaV-1 in the biology of leafroll disease and elucidating the virus replication strategies as compared to other closteroviruses infecting grapevines.

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Acknowledgments

RAN acknowledges the support provided by the Washington State University’s Agricultural Research Center, the Wine Research Advisory Committee, the Washington Wine Commission, and Washington State Grape & Wine Research Program. PPNS Number 0721, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center Project No. WNPO 0616, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.

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  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA

    R. A. Naidu

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  1. R. A. Naidu
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Correspondence to R. A. Naidu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Baozhong Meng

  2. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Giovanni P. Martelli

  3. Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Deborah A. Golino

  4. Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA

    Marc Fuchs

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Naidu, R.A. (2017). Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 . In: Meng, B., Martelli, G., Golino, D., Fuchs, M. (eds) Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_6

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