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Targeting Nanoparticles to Brain: Impact of N-Methyl d-Aspartate Receptors

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Drug and Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System for Neuroprotection

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders are amongst the major debilitating conditions of our century. In brain, activation of microglia may promote neuronal injury and death through production of glutamate, pro-inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species, quinolinic acid. It has recently been shown that nanotechnology greatly facilitated diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. Although the causes of dopaminergic neuronal damage remain unknown, to slow down or halt this process, nanotechnology based therapeutic perspectives are open to debate. In this respect, gelatin-cored nanostructured lipid carriers are excellent for targeted delivery. Attachment of superoxide dismutase and anti-glutamate N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 1 antibody to poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles increase their neuroprotective efficacy. Nanotization of nicotine, as well as nicotine-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles prevent the dopaminergic neurodegeneration and apoptosis that is mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and NMDA receptors. Also, caffeine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles exhibit higher protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. Regarding these findings, in our studies, we observed that NMDA receptors over-activation is linked to neurodegeneration. Thus, targeting nanostructured materials to NMDA receptors for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications may be considered as treatment options in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayse Basak Engin

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  1. Ayse Basak Engin
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Correspondence to Ayse Basak Engin .

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  1. International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Biology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Hari S. Sharma

  2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Dafin F. Muresanu

  3. International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Biology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Aruna Sharma

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Engin, A.B. (2017). Targeting Nanoparticles to Brain: Impact of N-Methyl d-Aspartate Receptors. In: Sharma, H., Muresanu, D., Sharma, A. (eds) Drug and Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System for Neuroprotection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57696-1_7

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