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Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts

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The Immunology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Pathology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1003))

Abstract

This chapter will discuss the role of cardiac fibroblasts as a target of various immunological inputs as well as an immunomodulatory hub of the heart through interaction with immune cell types and chemokine or cytokine signaling. While the purpose of this chapter is to explore the immunomodulatory properties of cardiac fibroblasts, it is important to note that cardiac fibroblasts are not a homogeneous cell type, but have a unique embryological origin and molecular identity. Specific properties of cardiac fibroblasts may influence the way they interact with the heart microenvironment to promote healthy homeostatic function or respond to pathological insults. Therefore, we will briefly discuss these aspects of cardiac fibroblast biology and then focus on their immunomodulatory role in the heart.

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Abbreviations

AIM:

Absent in melanoma protein

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

BNP:

Brain natriuretic peptide

Ccl2:

Chemokine ligand 2 or MCP-1

Ccr2:

Chemokine receptor 2 or MCP-1 receptor

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CF:

Complement factor

Col1a1:

Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Cre:

Cre recombinase, tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 bacteriophage, recognizes specific DNA sequences (LoxP sites) and catalyzes recombination between two recognition LoxP sites, and commonly used in mouse genetic recombineering to remove particular genes of interest

Cxcl1:

Chemokine ligand 1 or GROα

Cxcl2:

Chemokine ligand 2 or GROβ

Cxcl8:

Chemokine ligand 8 or IL-8

DAMPs:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

DC:

Dendritic cell

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EMT:

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Erk1:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1(serine threonine kinase) or MAPK3

Foxp3:

Transcription factor forkhead box P3

Gata:

Transcription factor GATA-binding protein

GCSF:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GMCSF:

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

GRO:

Growth-regulated protein

H2:

Histamine type 2 receptor

Hand:

Transcription factor heart and neural crest derivatives expressed

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IL:

Interleukin

Ltb4:

Leukotriene B4

MAPK3:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3

MBP:

Major basic protein

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 or Ccl2

MCP-3:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 3

mEF-SK4:

Anti-feeder antibody, clone mEF-SK4

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MIP-2α:

Macrophage inflammatory protein-2α

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Nfatc1:

Transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NK:

Natural killer

NOD:

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Pdgfra:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor a

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

RAGE:

Receptor for advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor

RANTES:

Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted or CCL5

RIG:

Retinoic acid-inducible gene or RLR

RLR:

Retinoic acid-inducible gene

ROR t:

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor

SDF-1:

Stromal-derived factor 1or Cxcl12

SHIP:

SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase

SMA:

Smooth muscle actin

Tbx:

T-box transcription factor

TF:

Tissue factor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

Th:

T helper lymphocyte

Thy1:

Thymocyte antigen 1 or CD90

Tie2:

Tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains 2

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

Tnfr:

TNF receptor

Treg:

T regulatory lymphocyte

Wt-1:

Transcription factor Wilms tumor factor 1

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  1. The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA

    Milena B. Furtado & Muneer Hasham

  2. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Milena B. Furtado

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Furtado, M.B., Hasham, M. (2017). Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts. In: Sattler, S., Kennedy-Lydon, T. (eds) The Immunology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Pathology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1003. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_3

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