Abstract
Infertility is the failure to conceive after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for at least 1 year. Male factor infertility is responsible for an estimated 25% of all cases of couple infertility. Azoospermia is found in approximately 15–20% of infertile men. The causes of azoospermia can be divided into obstructive and non-obstructive. Obstructive azoospermia (OA) may be due to an obstruction at any point along the male reproductive tract. It is usually associated with normal sized testis and hormonal profile, with dilatation of the epididymis. A past history of a vasectomy, inguinal hernia repair or symptoms of haematospermia with ejaculatory pain all suggest a possible cause of obstructive azoospermia.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gudeloglu A, Parekallil S. Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male. Clinics. 2013;68(S1):27–34.
Raheem A, Ralph D, Minhas S. Male infertility. Br J Med Surg Urol. 2012;5:254–68.
Muneer A, Arya M, Jordan G. Atlas of male genitourethral surgery. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kalejaiye, O., Raheem, A., Ralph, D. (2018). Surgical Sperm Retrieval. In: Goonewardene, S., Persad, R. (eds) Surgical Procedures for Core Urology Trainees. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57442-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57442-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57441-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57442-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)