Abstract
The assessment of mobility, cognitive capacity, and emotional state of older patients in the rehabilitation setting is essential in order to deliver adapted intervention programs. The chapter’s aim is to discuss a number of short but well-constructed and validated clinical tools, which allow mapping cognitive- and mobility-related deficits as well as the emotional state of the elderly patient. It is generally accepted that clinical-instrumental evaluations may consume resources (e.g., time, finances) which often are not available in the clinical context. Therefore, the selection of the instruments reviewed in this chapter was made considering both a short administration time and high clinical validity. In the mobility section, the chapter discusses physical performance batteries and screening tools like grip strength and Timed Get Up and Go Test, with a special focus on the purpose of spatial-temporal gait analyses. The second part of the chapter reviews neuropsychological assessment instruments and includes both screening tools and function-specific tests. In addition, the assessment of depression and behavior is briefly described.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA (2011) A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing 40:423–429. doi:10.1093/ageing/afr051
Abizanda P, Navarro JL, García-Tomás MI, López-Jiménez E, Martínez-Sánchez E, Paterna G (2012) Validity and usefulness of hand-held dynamometry for measuring muscle strength in community-dwelling older persons. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54:21–27. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.006
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S (1991) The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 39:142–148
Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M (2000) Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test. Phys Ther 80:896–903
Barry E, Galvin R, Keogh C, Horgan F, Fahey T (2014) Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 14:14. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-14
Kressig RW, Beauchet O, European GAITRite Network Group (2006) Guidelines for clinical applications of spatio-temporal gait analysis in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 18:174–176
Hollman JH, McDade EM, Petersen RC (2011) Normative spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults. Gait Posture 34:111–118. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.024
Allali G, Annweiler C, Blumen HM, Callisaya ML, De Cock A-M, Kressig RW, Srikanth V, Steinmetz J-P, Verghese J, Beauchet O (2015) Gait phenotype from mild cognitive impairment to moderate dementia: results from the GOOD initiative. Eur J Neurol. doi:10.1111/ene.12882
Glenny C, Stolee P (2009) Comparing the functional independence measure and the interRAI/MDS for use in the functional assessment of older adults: a review of the literature. BMC Geriatr 9:52. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-52
Volpato S, Cavalieri M, Guerra G, Sioulis F, Ranzini M, Maraldi C, Fellin R, Guralnik JM (2008) Performance-based functional assessment in older hospitalized patients: feasibility and clinical correlates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63:1393–1398
Kegelmeyer DA, Kloos AD, Thomas KM, Kostyk SK (2007) Reliability and validity of the Tinetti Mobility Test for individuals with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther 87:1369–1378. doi:10.2522/ptj.20070007
Jahn T, Werheid K (2015) Demenzen [Dementias]. Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
Perneczky R, Wagenpfeil S, Komossa K, Grimmer T, Diehl J, Kurz A (2006) Mapping scores onto stages: mini-mental state examination and clinical dementia rating. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Off J Am Assoc Geriatr Psychiatry 14:139–144. doi:10.1097/01.JGP.0000192478.82189.a8
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, White T, Messer MA (2010) MMSE-2: Mini-mental state examination 2nd Edition. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., Lutz, FL
Roalf DR, Moberg PJ, Xie SX, Wolk DA, Moelter ST, Arnold SE (2013) Comparative accuracies of two common screening instruments for the classification of Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc 9:529–537. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.10.001
Trzepacz PT, Hochstetler H, Wang S, Walker B, Saykin AJ, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2015) Relationship between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-mental State Examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults. BMC Geriatr 15:107. doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0103-3
Kessler J, Calabrese P, Kalbe E (2010) DemTect-B: ein Äquivalenztest zum kognitiven Screening DemTect-A® [DemTect-B: A parallel test version to the cognitive screening instrument DemTect-A®]. Fortschritte Neurol Psychiatr 78:532–535. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245452
de JJ P, de DM M, de EN M, Malloy-Diniz LF (2013) Mapping the clockworks: what does the Clock Drawing Test assess in normal and pathological aging? Arq Neuropsiquiatr 71:763–768. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20130118
Yamamoto S, Mogi N, Umegaki H, Suzuki Y, Ando F, Shimokata H, Iguchi A (2004) The clock drawing test as a valid screening method for mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 18:172–179. doi:10.1159/000079198
Gatterer G (2007) Alters-Konzentrations-Test [Test of concentration for older adults], 2nd edn. Hogrefe, Göttingen
Ashendorf L, Jefferson AL, O’Connor MK, Chaisson C, Green RC, Stern RA (2008) Trail Making Test errors in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 23:129–137. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.11.005
Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, Leirer VO (1983) Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17:37–49
D’Ath P, Katona P, Mullan E, Evans S, Katona C (1994) Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly primary care attenders. I: the acceptability and performance of the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the development of short versions. Fam Pract 11:260–266
Alexopoulos GS, Abrams RC, Young RC, Shamoian CA (1988) Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Biol Psychiatry 23:271–284
Kørner A, Lauritzen L, Abelskov K, Gulmann N, Marie Brodersen A, Wedervang-Jensen T, Marie Kjeldgaard K (2006) The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. A validity study. Nord J Psychiatry 60:360–364. doi:10.1080/08039480600937066
Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J (1994) The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 44:2308–2314
Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Ketchel P, Smith V, MacMillan A, Shelley T, Lopez OL, DeKosky ST (2000) Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 12:233–239. doi:10.1176/jnp.12.2.233
Wong A, Cheng S-T, Lo ESK, Kwan PWL, Law LSN, Chan AYY, Wong LK-S, Mok V (2014) Validity and reliability of the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire version in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack having cognitive impairment. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 27:247–252. doi:10.1177/0891988714532017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Steinmetz, JP., Bourkel, E. (2018). Clinical-Instrumental Evaluation of Elderly Patients During Rehabilitation. In: Masiero, S., Carraro, U. (eds) Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients. Practical Issues in Geriatrics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57406-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57406-6_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57405-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57406-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)