Abstract
Pollen, an extremely reduced bi-cellular or tri-cellular male reproductive structure of flowering plants, serves as a model for numerous studies covering a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. The pollen development and subsequent progamic phase represent two fragile and vital phases of plant ontogenesis, and pollen was among the first singular plant tissues thoroughly characterised at the transcriptomic level. Here we present an overview of high-throughput tools applied in pollen research on numerous plant species. Transcriptomics, being the first experimental approach used, has provided and continues providing valuable information about global and specific gene expression and its dynamics. However, the proteome does not fully reflect the transcriptome, namely, because post-transcriptional regulatory levels, especially translation, mRNA storage and protein modifications, are active during male gametophyte development and during progamic phase. Transcriptomics therefore should be complemented by other -omic tools to get more realistic insight, most importantly proteomics and other specialised approaches mapping the involvement of regulatory RNAs and protein post-translational modifications as well as experiments designed to identify the subsets of total -omes like translatome, secretome or allergome.
Jan Fíla and Lenka Záveská Drábková contributed equally to this work.
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Notes
- 1.
EAR motif is short Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression motif present in plant transcriptional repressors that mediates transcriptional repression by the association with corepressors responsible for chromatin modification (Kagale and Rozwadowski 2011).
- 2.
TIR-NBS-LRR is a large receptor subfamily, a part of the ‘R’ gene superfamily implicated in pathogen recognition. TIR-NBS-LRR proteins contain N-terminal domain with toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR), nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains (Meyers et al. 2003).
- 3.
AGC kinases represent the subgroup of serine/threonine protein kinases named after three representative families, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and the protein kinase C (PKC) families (Pearce et al. 2010).
Abbreviations
- 2-D DIGE:
-
two dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis
- 2-DE:
-
two dimensional gel electrophoresis
- bHLH:
-
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor
- bZIP TF:
-
basic leucine zipper transcription factor
- cAMP:
-
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- CAGE:
-
cap analysis of gene expression
- cGMP:
-
cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- DEFL protein:
-
defensin-like family protein
- EAR motif:
-
ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression motif
- EPP:
-
EDTA/puromycin-resistant particle
- GO:
-
gene ontology
- IMAC:
-
immobilized metal affinity chromatography
- LC–MS/MS:
-
liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MADS-box TF:
-
family of transcription factors containing conserved MADS DNA-binding domain
- MALDI–TOF/TOF:
-
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry
- MIKC* type proteins:
-
subfamily of MADS-box proteins with conserved domain structure, where the MADS (M) domain is followed by Intervening (I), Keratin-like (K) and C-terminal domains
- MOAC:
-
metal oxide/hydroxide affinity chromatography
- MPSS:
-
massively parallel signature sequencing
- mRNP:
-
messenger ribonucleoprotein particle
- MYB family proteins:
-
transcription factor protein family characterised by the presence of MYB (myeloblastosis) DNA-binding domain
- PKA:
-
cAMP-dependent protein kinase
- PKC:
-
protein kinase C
- PKG:
-
cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- R2R3-MYB:
-
MYB-protein subfamily characterised by the R2R3-type MYB domain
- RNAseq:
-
RNA deep sequencing technologies
- RPM:
-
reads per million
- SAGE:
-
serial analysis of gene expression
- SIMAC:
-
sequential elution from IMAC
- TCTP:
-
translationally controlled tumour protein
- TF:
-
transcription factor
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Czech Science Foundation (grants no. 15–16050S and 17-23183S).
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Fíla, J., Záveská Drábková, L., Gibalová, A., Honys, D. (2017). When Simple Meets Complex: Pollen and the -Omics. In: Obermeyer, G., Feijó, J. (eds) Pollen Tip Growth. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56645-0_10
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