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Effect of Hydrothermal Processing on Hemicellulose Structure

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Hydrothermal Processing in Biorefineries

Abstract

Hydrothermal process is a potential technology to convert lignocellulosic resources into biofuels and value-added chemicals in a green fashion. Fractionation of woody biomass allows the exploration of the concept of integrated forestry biorefinery. The hydrolysis of hemicellulose produces oligosaccharides, pentose (xylose and arabinose), hexose (glucose, mannose, and galactose), acids (acetic acid, formic acid, and levulinic acid), and furans (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), as well as resulting insoluble humins as by-products under harsh conditions. This chapter highlights recent results on hydrothermal processing of various lignocellulosic biomasses, including fundamentals of hydrothermal pretreatment and mechanistic and kinetic studies in such process, especially in analysis and characterization of hemicelluloses before and after hydrothermal processing.

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Abbreviations

Ac:

Acetyl

AcOS:

Acetyl groups bonded to oligosaccharides

AG:

Arabinogalactan

AGX:

Arabinoglucuronoxylan

Ara:

Arabinose

ArOS:

Arabinooligosaccharides

ATR-FTIR:

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

AX:

Arabinoxylan

DP:

Degree of polymerization

FF:

Furfural

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Gal:

Galactose

GaOS:

Galactooligosaccharides

GGMs:

Galactoglucomannans

Glcp :

Glucopyranosyl

GluA:

Glucuronic acid

GluOS:

Glucooligosaccharides

GM:

Glucomannan

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

GX:

Glucuronoxylan

HMF:

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

HPAEC:

High-performance anion-exchange chromatography

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HPSEC:

High-performance size-exclusion chromatography

HSQC:

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation

LA:

Levulinic acid

LCC:

Lignin–carbohydrate complex

LCMs:

Lignocellulosic materials

LHW:

Liquid hot water

Man:

Mannose

Manp :

Mannopyranosyl

MALDI-TOF MS:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

MLG:

β-(1→3, 1→4)-glucans

M W :

Weight-average molecular weight

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

OS:

Oligosaccharides

PAD:

Pulsed amperometric detector

RID:

Refractive index detector

SEC:

Size-exclusion chromatography

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TOS:

Total oligosaccharides

X:

Homoxylan

XG:

Xyloglucan

XOS:

Xylooligosaccharides

Xyl:

Xylose

Xylp :

Xylopyranosyl

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21506013), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering (No. 201518), Open Funding Project of Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals (No. JSBGFC14009), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. BLYJ2014-38), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015M570040).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Ling-Ping Xiao, Guo-Yong Song & Run-Cang Sun

  2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Ling-Ping Xiao & Run-Cang Sun

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  1. Ling-Ping Xiao
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  2. Guo-Yong Song
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  3. Run-Cang Sun
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Correspondence to Run-Cang Sun .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Food Research Department, Biorefinery Group, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Héctor A. Ruiz

  2. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark

    Mette Hedegaard Thomsen

  3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Heather L. Trajano

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Xiao, LP., Song, GY., Sun, RC. (2017). Effect of Hydrothermal Processing on Hemicellulose Structure. In: Ruiz, H., Hedegaard Thomsen, M., Trajano, H. (eds) Hydrothermal Processing in Biorefineries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56457-9_3

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