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Treatments with Low Glycaemic Index Diets in Gestational Diabetes

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Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Diet therapy, the cornerstone of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management aims to promote adequate weight gain and ensure glycaemic control in the pregnant mother. Achievement of these maternal goals improves pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The advocacy of low-GI foods is based on slower rate of carbohydrate absorption of these foods, which subsequently lowers postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Glycaemic load (GL), a concept that merges carbohydrate quality and quantity of foods, accurately predicts postprandial glycaemia for single foods or mixed meals. Low-GI/GL diets have shown to improve management of body weight, glycaemia and cardiovascular risks, especially in hyperinsulinaemic and insulin-resistant populations. A 15% reduction in dietary GI bestows clinically significant health benefits, and this magnitude of GI reduction is made possible by substituting usual high-GI staples with lower GI alternatives, while maintaining their prescribed serving size. In this review, we assess the evidence for the treatment of GDM, a condition closely associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, with low-GI/GL diets.

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Abbreviations

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

GI:

Glycaemic index

GL:

Glycaemic load

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

RCT:

Randomised-controlled trial

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acids

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Prof. Dr. Winnie Chee, International Medical University, KL for her guidance while preparing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Sangeetha Shyam

  2. Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Amutha Ramadas

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  1. Sangeetha Shyam
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Correspondence to Sangeetha Shyam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Department of Nutrition, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Shyam, S., Ramadas, A. (2018). Treatments with Low Glycaemic Index Diets in Gestational Diabetes. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56440-1_19

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