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Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis pp 125–142Cite as

Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Lineages: Detection of Four New Groups and Notes on Consistent Recognition of Ectomycorrhizal Taxa in High-Throughput Sequencing Studies

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Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 230))

Abstract

This review updates the previous information about ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal lineages. Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, we recognize four novel lineages, viz., /leotia, /phaeocollybia, /porpoloma, and /endogone3, that raise the total number of EcM lineages to 82–86. The /leotia, /phaeocollybia, and /porpoloma lineages comprise the entire genera of Leotia, Phaeocollybia, and Porpoloma. The /endogone3 lineage is created to accommodate morphologically, and molecularly well-characterized root tip isolates from Japan that represent a small proportion of the genus Endogone. The /agaricales1 lineage is revised and renamed /guyanagarika because of accommodation of respective specimens in a recently described genus Guyanagarika. Similarly, the /helotiales2 lineage is renamed as /phaeohelotium based description of the genus Phaeohelotium. In light of broader taxon sampling for fungal DNA barcoding, the /agaricomycetes1 lineage is renamed as /tremellodendropsis, with a notion that not all members of the Tremellodendropsidales are EcM. We also reviewed recent literature about the genera within described EcM lineages and documented that ca. 279–284 distinct EcM fungal genera based on current knowledge.

Because EcM symbionts are now frequently identified from soil and roots using high-throughput sequencing methods, we also provide recommendations for delimitation of each lineage in relation to non-mycorrhizal sister taxa by integrating information from BLASTn score, sequence length, and sequence similarity. These models can be used as a guide to assign sequences to EcM versus non-EcM taxa for most lineages, but some individual lineages require additional sequence similarity and/or phylogenetic analyses for reliable placement due to rapid ITS evolution. We conclude that efficient automatized identification and functional assignment of fungal taxa requires integration of taxonomic, functional, and genomic information at the level of Linnaean taxa as well as species hypotheses.

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Acknowledgments

We thank K. Yamamoto and the non-anonymous referees K. Kühdorf and M. Sanchez-Garcia for critical comments on the manuscript. L.T. acknowledges funding from the Estonian Science Foundation, PUT1399/MOBERC1. Funding for M. E. Smith was provided in part by the US National Science Foundation grants DEB-1354802 and DEB-1441677 and by the University of Florida’s Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS).

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  1. Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 50411, Tartu, Estonia

    Leho Tedersoo

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0680, USA

    Matthew E. Smith

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    Leho Tedersoo

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Tedersoo, L., Smith, M.E. (2017). Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Lineages: Detection of Four New Groups and Notes on Consistent Recognition of Ectomycorrhizal Taxa in High-Throughput Sequencing Studies. In: Tedersoo, L. (eds) Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Ecological Studies, vol 230. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_6

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