Abstract
An important topic in electronic systems design is electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), which concerns the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy. Every electronic system must meet mandatory EMC standards. Basic knowledge of EMC-related issues is introduced in Sect. 6.1. Unintentional coupling of circuits are dealt with in Sect. 6.2, and design options for their prevention, for example, by selecting appropriate reference grounds, are covered in Sect. 6.3. An important measure for assuring the EMC of systems is shielding. Section 6.4 introduces the principle of shielding, and discusses shielding against different types of fields. A related discipline to EMC, electrostatic discharge (ESD), is covered in Sect. 6.5. Finally, we provide recommendations for good EMC practice in electronic systems design in Sect. 6.6.
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Notes
- 1.
Electronic devices can oscillate slightly in a circuit. The output of an operational amplifier can, for instance, oscillate at 100Â kHz instead of outputting DC voltage. This phenomenon is due to internal parasitic capacitances that produce a phase shift that increases with increasing frequency to eventually become positive instead of negative feedback.
- 2.
The direction of the eddy current generated is opposite to the right-hand rule according to the Law of induction. This is logical, because if a potential difference were produced in the direction of the right-hand rule as the flux increases, it would drive a current in a conductor that would increase the flux inside the loop and thus reinforce itself. In actual fact, the potential difference acts against its own cause (Lenz’s law).
- 3.
The wavelength λ of f = 83 MHz is approximately 3.6 m; λ (m) = c (m/s) / f (Hz), simplified λ (m) ≈ 300 / f (MHz).
- 4.
The cutoff frequency is the frequency beyond which a waveguide no longer contains EMI. For a rectangular waveguide, the cutoff frequency (in MHz) is f c = c / 2d with c the speed of light (in m/s) and d the largest cross section of the waveguide (in m).
References
Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility, online: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/30/oj
A. J. Schwab, W. Kürner, Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit, Springer, 2010
H. W. Ott, Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering, 1st edition, Wiley, 2009
K. H. Gonschorek, R. Vick, Electromagnetic Compatibility for Device Design and System Integration, Springer, 2009
C. R. Paul, Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2006
IEEE Std 100, IEEE Standards Association, 1996
K. L. Kaiser, Electromagnetic Shielding, CRC Press, 2006
K. L. Kaiser, Electrostatic Discharge, CRC Press, 2005
Tecknit, Electromagnetic Compatibility Guide, 1998
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Lienig, J., Bruemmer, H. (2017). Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). In: Fundamentals of Electronic Systems Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55840-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55840-0_6
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