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Growing Diversity of Plant MicroRNAs and MIR-Derived Small RNAs

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Plant Epigenetics

Part of the book series: RNA Technologies ((RNATECHN))

Abstract

Small, noncoding RNAs are essential regulatory molecules of plant genome. Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been classified on the basis of their biogenesis and mode of action in two major types—microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Plant miRNAs are typically 21 nucleotides in length and derive from unique genetic loci (MIR genes). Next-generation sequencing approaches have increased significantly the number of known plant miRNAs and have revealed that MIR genes frequently produce sRNAs, known as miRNA variants, isoforms or isomiRs, which exhibit differences from their corresponding “reference” mature sequences. The main mechanism of action of canonical miRNAs is sequence-specific repression of gene expression on posttranscriptional level. Recent studies have revealed that noncanonical miRNAs and MIR-derived siRNAs (a particular subset of isomiRs) can act as well in sequence-specific transcriptional silencing thus influencing genome function through DNA methylation. Moreover, miRNAs can be regulated by epigenetic alteration such as DNA methylation and histone modifications of MIR genes. Having profound role in genetic and epigenetic control, plant miRNAs, and MIR-derived siRNAs can potentially participate in most developmental processes, plant stress response, and adaptation. In this chapter, we discuss the biogenesis of miRNAs and MIR-derived sRNAs and their regulatory impact on plant gene expression.

The algorithms for accurate annotation of novel miRNAs and isomiR sequences are still a challenging task, requiring integration of experimental and computational approaches. Here, we shortly present some recent tools which have been developed to facilitate this task by providing friendly user interface, without requiring computing skills for the purpose of the analysis.

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55520-1_26.

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55520-1_26

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Mariyana Gozmanova, Vesselin Baev, Elena Apostolova & Galina Yahubyan

  2. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, 105, Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Mariyana Gozmanova, Vesselin Baev & Galina Yahubyan

  3. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Gaurav Sablok

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  1. Mariyana Gozmanova
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  2. Vesselin Baev
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  3. Elena Apostolova
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  4. Gaurav Sablok
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  5. Galina Yahubyan
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Correspondence to Mariyana Gozmanova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany

    Nikolaus Rajewsky

  2. Nanobiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

    Stefan Jurga

  3. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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Gozmanova, M., Baev, V., Apostolova, E., Sablok, G., Yahubyan, G. (2017). Growing Diversity of Plant MicroRNAs and MIR-Derived Small RNAs. In: Rajewsky, N., Jurga, S., Barciszewski, J. (eds) Plant Epigenetics. RNA Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55520-1_3

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