Abstract
A noble electronic personal dosimeter (EPD) can simultaneously measure the energy spectrum and the personal dose rate in radiation-exposed environment. This device is composed of a compact radiation sensor to detect gamma-ray, an integrated circuit of preamplifier and peak holder, and a software to calculate the personal dose from the measured spectrum, finally a smartphone application software to show the calculated personal dose in a mobile phone. The CsI(Tl)-coupled PIN diode is used as a compact spectroscopic radiation sensor to measure the energy spectrum for the radioisotope identification or the activity analysis. To optimally design the size of the compact radiation sensor to be used as an accessary of mobile personal devices, we determined a guideline such that the sensor must satisfy the international criteria of angular response as well as have the maximum value of a figure of merit which is a product of the geometric detection efficiency and the energy resolution. The energy spectrum must be converted to the personal dose or dose rate by a much simpler dose conversion algorithm, called a median bin approximation, without using a typical time-consuming deconvolution process typically used to identify the incident gamma energy. The accuracy of the algorithm depending on the gamma energy and gamma fluence was estimated by the difference rate. The average difference rate in the interested gamma energy ranging from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV was measured to be 17.3% experimentally using radioisotope check sources, and the difference rate becomes negligible over the fluence level of 103 γ – ray/0.09 cm2. So, the possibility to devise the electronic personal dosimeter with a single spectroscopy sensor for the dual purpose, dosimetry and spectroscopy, was confirmed in this study.
References
International Electrotechnical Commission.: Radiation Protection Instrumentation. Measurement of Personal Dose Equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) for X, Gamma, Neutron and Beta Radiation: Direct Reading Personal Dose Equivalent and Monitors. International Standard IEC 61526 (2005)
Lighttools, http://optics.synopsys.com/lighttools/
Knoll, G.F.: Radiation detection and measurement. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)
Yoo, H., et al.: Optimal design of a CsI (Tl) crystal in a SiPM based compact radiation sensor. Radiat. Meas. 82, 102–107 (2015)
Noulis, T., et al.: Noise analysis of radiation detector charge sensitive amplifier architectures. In: Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, Naxos, Greece (2008)
Johns, D.A., Martin, K.: Analog Integrated Circuit Design. Wiley, Hoboken (2008)
Krummenacher, F.: Pixel detectors with local intelligence: an IC designer point of view. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A. 305(3), 527–532 (1991)
Gatti, E., Manfredi, P.F.: Processing the signals from solid-state detectors in elementary-particle physics. La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento (1978–1999). 9(1), 1–146 (1986)
Colliding, F.: Signal Processing for Semiconductor Detectors. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley (2010)
Chong, Z.Y., Sansen, W.: Low-Noise Wide-Band Amplifiers in Bipolar and CMOS Technologies, vol. 117. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin (2013)
Ohkawa, S., Yoshizawa, M., Husimi, K.: Direct synthesis of the Gaussian filter for nuclear pulse amplifiers. Nucl. Inst. Methods. 138(1), 85–92 (1976)
Rossi, L., et al.: Pixel Detectors: From Fundamentals to Applications. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin (2006)
De Geronimo, G., O’Connor, P., Kandasamy, A.: Analog CMOS peak detect and hold circuits. Part 1. Analysis of the classical configuration. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A. 484(1), 533–543 (2002)
O’Connor, P., De Geronimo, G., Kandasamy, A.: Amplitude and time measurement ASIC with analog derandomization: first results. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 50(4), 892–897 (2003)
De Geronimo, G., Kandasamy, A., O’Connor, P.: Analog peak detector and derandomizer for high-rate spectroscopy. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 49(4), 1769–1773 (2002)
Kuo Y.S., Schmid, T., Dutta, P.: Hijacking Power and Bandwidth from the Mobile Phone’s Audio Interface. International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED’10) Design Contest. Austin, TX (2010)
Hall, J.C.: Sensor Data to iPhone Through the Headphone Jack(Using Ardunino). www.creativedistraction.com (2011)
SILICON LABS.: Connect the EFM32 with a Smart Phone through the Audio Jack. www.silabs.com (2013)
NXP AN11552.: OM13069 Smartphone Quick-Jack solution. www.nxp.com, Jun (2014)
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU).: Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External Radiation Sources. ICRU Publication 39, ICRU (1985)
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU).: Determination of Dose Equivalents from External Radiation Sources- Part 2. ICRU Publication 43, ICRU (1988)
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU).: Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Photon and Electron Radiations. ICRU Publication 47, ICRU (1992)
Jolliffe, I.: Principal Component Analysis. Wiley, Hoboken (2002)
Stapels, C., et al.: Comparison of two solid-state photomultiplier -based scintillation gamma-ray detector configurations. Technologies for Homeland Security, 2009. HST’09. IEEE. Conference on. IEEE. Big Sky, MT (2009)
Veinot, K.G., Hertel, N.E.: Personal dose equivalent conversion coefficients for photons to 1 GeV. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 145(1), 28–35 (2011)
Pelowitz, D.B.: MCNPX user’s manual version 2.5. 0. Los Alamos National Laboratory 76, Santa Fe (2005)
Sakai, E.: Recent measurements on scintillator-photodetector systems. Nuclear Science. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 34(1), 418–422 (1987)
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Center for Integrated Smart Sensors funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as Global Frontier Project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cho, G., Yoo, H., Lee, D., Park, J., Kim, H. (2017). Scintillator-Based Electronic Personal Dosimeter for Mobile Application. In: Yasuura, H., Kyung, CM., Liu, Y., Lin, YL. (eds) Smart Sensors at the IoT Frontier . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55345-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55345-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55344-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55345-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)