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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Aging

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 982)

Abstract

Mitochondria are the prime source of ATP in cardiomyocytes. Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism results in damage to existing proteins and DNA. Such deleterious effects are part and parcel of the aging process, reducing the ability of cardiomyocytes to counter stress, such as myocardial infarction and consequent reperfusion. In such conditions, mitochondria in the heart of aged individuals exhibit decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production, and increased net reactive oxygen species production; all of these effects are independent of the decrease in number of mitochondria that occurs in these situations. Rather than being associated with the mitochondrial population in toto, these defects are almost exclusively confined to those organelles positioned between myofibrils (interfibrillar mitochondria). It is in complex III and IV where these dysfunctional aspects are manifested. In an apparent effort to correct mitochondrial metabolic defects, affected organelles are to some extent eliminated by mitophagy; at the same time, new, unaffected organelles are generated by fission of mitochondria. Because these cardiac health issues are localized to specific mitochondria, these organelles offer potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could favorably affect the aging process in heart.

Keywords

Interfibrillar mitochondria Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport chain Complex III Cytochrome b Permeabilized cardiac fibers 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a R21AG049461 from the National Institute on Aging, and a Scientist Development Grant (11SDG5120011, QC) and Grant-in-aids (15GRNT24480123, QC) and (12GRNT20510024, CLH) from the American Heart Association, VCU’s CTSA (UL1TR000058 from the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Science) and the CCTR Endowment Fund of the Virginia Commonwealth University (QC), the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service Merit Review Award (2IO1BX001355-05A2), Department of Veterans Affairs (EJL), and the Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University (QC, EJL).

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© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University, School of MedicineClevelandUSA
  2. 2.Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve University, School of MedicineClevelandUSA
  3. 3.Center for Mitochondrial DiseaseCase Western Reserve University, School of MedicineClevelandUSA
  4. 4.Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondUSA
  5. 5.Cardiology SectionMedical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondUSA
  6. 6.Department of Biological SciencesCWRU School of Dental MedicineClevelandUSA

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