Abstract
Chapter 7 closes the book by summarizing the argument and by reflecting upon what the defensively bounded and largely labour-centric nature of the Private Military and Security Company PMSC presence might indicate for both future academic analysis and policymaking. In regards to proxy wars, this chapter considers the degree to which PMSCs can serve as proxies given their prominence combined with the pressures generated by the conventional forces norm and the state proclivity towards the offensive. In regards to other clients (i.e., developing world states and non-state actors), this chapter reveals what might be expected of firms, expectations that are constrained given the book’s findings. Finally, in regards to the future influence and impact of PMSCs, this chapter examines the division of tasks between states and PMSCs to suggest implications for both actors stemming from how security challenges are constructed and responded to.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
As one reviewer helpfully noted, the use of EO in Sierra Leone and Angola highlights the importance of developing world cases.
References
Abrahamsen, R. and M.C. Williams. (2009). “Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics.” International Political Sociology 3(1): 1–17.
Abrahamsen, R. and M.C. Williams. (2010). Security Beyond the State: Private Security in International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Avant, D. and L. Sigelman. (2010). “Private Security and Democracy: Lessons from the US in Iraq.” Security Studies 19(2): 230–265.
Bobbitt, P. (2002). The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History. New York: Knopf.
Brauer, J. (2008). “Private Military Companies: Markets, Ethics, Economics.” In Private Military and Security Companies: Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations, edited by A. Alexandra, D.P. Baker, and M. Caparini, 102–115. New York: Routledge.
Burke, C. (2012). “Like It or Not, Small Wars Will Always Be Around.” World Politics Review. Retrieved August 4, 2015, from http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11238/like-it-or-not-small-wars-will-always-be-around.
CNN. (2010). “Mullen: Debt is Top National Security Threat.” CNN. Retrieved July 26, 2016, from http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/08/27/debt.security.mullen/.
Cullen, P.J. (2009). “Private Security in International Politics: Deconstructing the State’s Monopoly of Security Governance.” Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, London School of Economics.
Donini, A. (1998). “Asserting Humanitarianism in Peace-Maintenance.” In The Politics of Peace-Maintenance, edited by Jarat Chopra, 81–96. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Dunigan, M. (2011). Victory for Hire: Private Security Companies’ Impact on Military Effectiveness. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Globe and Mail. (2016). “Justin Trudeau: ‘Today’s Attack is Appalling and Cowardly’: Prime Minister Condemns Killing of 14 Canadian Embassy Security Guards.” Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 26, 2016, from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/taliban-bomber-kills-14-canadian-embassy-security-guards-in-kabul/article30519948/.
Kaldor, M. (1987). “The Atlantic Technology Culture.” In Dealignment: A New Foreign Policy Perspective, edited by Mary Kaldor and Richard Falk, 143–162. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Kinsey, C. (2006). Corporate Soldiers and International Security: The Rise of Private Military Companies. New York: Routledge.
Krahmann, E. (2010). States, Citizens and the Privatization of Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Krahmann, E. (2012). “Commercial Risk Consulting and Management in the Maritime Sector.” In Maritime Private Security: Market Responses to Piracy, Terrorism and Waterborne Security Risks in the 21st Century, edited by C.G. Berube and P. Cullen, 181–192. New York: Routledge.
Leander, A. (2005). “The Power to Construct International Security: On the Significance of Private Military Companies.” Millennium 33(3): 803–825.
Maslow, A. (1966). The Psychology of Science. New York: Harper & Row.
Matlary, J.H. (2007). “Dangerous Dysfunction? Governing Integrated Military Force in Europe.” In Denationalisation of Defence: Convergence and Diversity, edited by Janne Haaland Matlary and Øyvind Østerud, 71–90. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Mumford, A. (2013). “Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict.” RUSI Journal 158(2): 40–46.
Ortiz, C. (2010). Private Armed Forces and Global Security. Praeger: Santa Barbara.
Percy, S. (2012). “Regulating the Private Security Industry: A Story of Regulating the Last War.” International Review of the Red Cross 94(887): 941–960.
Phelps, M.L. (2014). “Doppelgangers of the State: Private Security and Transferable Legitimacy.” Politics & Policy 42(6): 824–849.
Rogers, P. (2013). “Security by ‘Remote Control’. Can it work?” RUSI Journal 158(3): 14–20.
Schooner, S.L. (2008). “Why Contractor Fatalities Matter.” Parameters 38(3): 78–91.
Serewicz, L.W. (2002). “Globalization, Sovereignty and the Military Revolution: From Mercenaries to Private International Security Companies.” International Politics 39(1): 75–89.
Shearer, D. (1998). Private Armies and Military Intervention. Adelphi Paper 316. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
Singer, P.W. (2001–2002). “Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry and Its Ramifications for International Security.” International Security 26(3): 186–220.
Spearin, C. (2006–2007). “Special Operations Forces a Strategic Resource: Public and Private Divides.”Parameters 36(4): 58–70.
Spearin, C. (2008). “Private, Armed, and Humanitarian? States, NGOs, International Private Security Companies and Shifting Humanitarianism.” Security Dialogue 39(4): 363–382.
Spearin, C. (2010). “The International Private Security Company: A Unique and Useful Actor?” In Modern War and the Utility of Force: Challenges, Methods and Strategy, edited by Jan Angstrom and Isabelle Duyvesteyn, 39–64. New York: Routledge.
Thomson, J.E. (1996). Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ulriksen, S. (2007). “European Military Forces: Integration by Default.” In Denationalisation of Defence: Convergence and Diversity, edited by Janne Haaland Matlary and Øyvind Østerud, 47–69. Aldershot: Ashgate.
United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office. (2002). Private Military Companies: Options for Regulation: The Green Paper. London: The Stationery Office.
Vaux, T. et al. (2002). Humanitarian Action and Private Security Companies: Opening the Debate. London: International Alert.
Zarate, J.C. (1998). “The Emergence of a New Dog of War: Private International Security Companies, International Law, and the New World Disorder.” Stanford Journal of International Law 34: 75–162.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Spearin, C. (2017). Conclusion. In: Private Military and Security Companies and States . New Security Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54902-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54903-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)