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Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology pp 137–160Cite as

Chemical and Morphological Phenotypes in Breeding of Cannabis sativa L.

Abstract

This chapter has two parts. The first part details five characters that contribute to phenotypic diversity in Cannabis. Cannabinoids can be assayed by quantity (dry weight percentage of cannabinoids in harvested material) or by quality (the THC/CBD ratio, or chemotype). Cannabinoid quality is largely genetic, possibly monogenic. We dissect the monogenic inheritance model (two alleles at a single gene locus). Essential oil is composed of volatile, aromatic terpenoids. Terpenoid content varies between different varieties. Hemp seed oil consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which are under genetic control. Protein has received less attention than oil, despite hemp’s value as a protein supplement. Bast fibers are phloem (sap-conducting) cells in stalks. The second part presents the current breeding status of phenotypes for various uses. Breeding for fiber production includes monoecious cultivars, dioecious cultivars, high percentage of primary fiber, fast-retting phenotypes, and unique morphological markers in low-THC plants. Selective cross-breeding for cannabinoids includes prevalent-THC, prevalent-CBD, and cannabinoid-free plants. Relatively few cultivars have been bred specifically for seed production.

Keywords

  • Glandular Trichome
  • Bast Fiber
  • Secretory Cavity
  • Hemp Seed
  • Primary Fiber

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Fig. 6.1
Fig. 6.2
Fig. 6.3

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the European project Multihemp, FP7- Project number 311849.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CI, Via Amendola 82, 45100, Rovigo, Italy

    Gianpaolo Grassi

  2. GW Pharmaceuticals Plc, 1 Cavendish Place, London, W1G 0QF, UK

    John M. McPartland

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  1. Gianpaolo Grassi
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  2. John M. McPartland
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Correspondence to Gianpaolo Grassi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi, USA

    Suman Chandra

  2. School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, Mississippi, USA

    Hemant Lata

  3. School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, Mississippi, USA

    Mahmoud A. ElSohly

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Grassi, G., McPartland, J.M. (2017). Chemical and Morphological Phenotypes in Breeding of Cannabis sativa L.. In: Chandra, S., Lata, H., ElSohly, M. (eds) Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6_6

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