Skip to main content

The Role of Resilience and Resilience Characteristics in Health Promotion

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Trauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients

Abstract

Resilience as a concept is not well understood, and resilience research in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBT) populations is in its infancy. Ilan Meyer’s minority stress model is useful in conceptualizing the experiences that can lead oppressed groups to develop poor mental health outcomes, but further research is needed to elucidate resilience factors and interventions that build resilience. Factors that correlate with resilience in LGBT populations include social support, family acceptance, and community connectedness. Few formal intervention studies have been undertaken to attempt to improve resilience in LGBT people, though there is anecdotal evidence that clinics and other health-care settings routinely employ programming aimed at these populations to encourage resilience building through health promotion. Providers can aid in the resilience process by promoting a sense of trust, being respectful, asking open-ended questions, and encouraging clients to think about their experiences as part of systems of oppression directed at LGBT people, as well as clients’ other intersecting identities. Clinical practices can promote resilience by creating welcoming physical environments and involving LGBT community members in the development of policies and programs, as well as hiring staff from LGBT communities when possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Association AP. The road to resilience 2016. Available from: http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx.

  2. Walsh F. Family resilience: a framework for clinical practice. Fam Process. 2003;42(1):1–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yehuda R, Engel SM, Brand SR, Seckl J, Marcus SM, Berkowitz GS. Transgenerational effects of posttraumatic stress disorder in babies of mothers exposed to the World Trade Center attacks during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4115–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Radtke KM, Ruf M, Gunter HM, Dohrmann K, Schauer M, Meyer A, et al. Transgenerational impact of intimate partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor. Transl Psychiatry. 2011;1(7):e21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Mueller BR, Bale TL. Sex-specific programming of offspring emotionality after stress early in pregnancy. J Neurosci. 2008;28(36):9055–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Rutter M. Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage. In: Rolf MWKJE, editor. Primary prevention in psychopathology: social competence in children. Hanover: University Press of New England; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rutter M. Resilience in the face of adversity. Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1985;147:598–611.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bonanno GA, Galea S, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D. What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007;75(5):671.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ungar M. Nurturing hidden resilience in at-risk youth in different cultures. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15(2):53.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Herrick AL, Lim SH, Wei C, Smith H, Guadamuz T, Friedman MS, et al. Resilience as an untapped resource in behavioral intervention design for gay men. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(Suppl 1):S25–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Kaysen D, Kulesza M, Balsam KF, Rhew IC, Blayney JA, Lehavot K, et al. Coping as a mediator of internalized homophobia and psychological distress among young adult sexual minority women. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2014;1(3):225–33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne Romine RE, Hamilton A, Coleman E. Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(5):943–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Mereish E, Poteat VP. Effects of heterosexuals’ direct and extended friendships with sexual minorities on their attitudes and behaviors: intergroup anxiety and attitude strength as mediators and moderators. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2015;45(3):147–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Budge SL, Katz-Wise SL, Tebbe EN, Howard KA, Schneider CL, Rodriguez A. Transgender emotional and coping processes facilitative and avoidant coping throughout gender transitioning. Couns Psychol. 2013;41(4):601–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Grant J, Mottet L, Tanis JE, Harrison J, Herman J, Keisling M. Injustice at every turn: a report of the national transgender discrimination survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality : National Gay and Lesbian Task Force; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Koken JA, Bimbi DS, Parsons JT. Experiences of familial acceptance–rejection among transwomen of color. J Fam Psychol. 2009;23(6):853.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Mizock L, Lewis TK. Trauma in transgender populations: risk, resilience, and clinical care. J Emot Abus. 2008;8(3):335–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ryan C, Russell ST, Huebner D, Diaz R, Sanchez J. Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2010;23(4):205–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Singh AA, Hays DG, Watson LS. Strength in the face of adversity: resilience strategies of transgender individuals. J Couns Dev. 2011;89(1):20–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Eyre SL, de Guzman R, Donovan AA, Boissiere C. ‘Hormones is not magic wands’ ethnography of a transgender scene in Oakland, California. Ethnography. 2004;5(2):147–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gray NN, Mendelsohn DM, Omoto AM. Community connectedness, challenges, and resilience among gay Latino immigrants. Am J Community Psychol. 2015;55(1–2):202–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Harper A, Singh A. Supporting ally development with families of trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth. J LGBT Issues Couns. 2014;8(4):376–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. McFadden SH, Frankowski S, Flick H, Witten TM. Resilience and multiple stigmatized identities: lessons from transgender persons’ reflections on aging. In: Positive Psychology. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 247–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Reisner SL, Gamarel KE, Dunham E, Hopwood R, Hwahng S. Female-to-male transmasculine adult health: a mixed-methods community-based needs assessment. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2013;19(5):293–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bradford J, Reisner SL, Honnold JA, Xavier J. Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: results from the Virginia transgender health initiative study. Am J Public Health. 2012;103(10):1820–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Singh A. “Just getting out of bed is a revolutionary act”: the resilience of transgender people of color who have survived traumatic life events. Traumatology. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Singh AA, Meng S, Hansen A. “It’s already hard enough being a student”: developing affirming college environments for trans youth. J LGBT Youth. 2013;10(3):208–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Meichenbaum D. Ways to bolster resilience in LGBTQ youth The Melissa Institute for Violence Prevention and Treatment Conference; Miami, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Herrick AL, Lim SH, Wei C, Smith H, Guadamuz T, Friedman MS, et al. Resilience as an untapped resource in behavioral intervention design for gay men. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(1):25–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. McElroy J, Wintemberg J, Haller K. Advancing health care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients in Missouri. Mo Med. 2015;112(4):262.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Heck NC. The potential to promote resilience: piloting a minority stress-informed, GSA-based, mental health promotion program for LGBTQ youth. Psychol Sex Orientation Gend Divers. 2015;2(3):225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Collier KL, Colarossi LG, Hazel DS, Watson K, Wyatt GE. Healing our women for transgender women: adaptation, acceptability, and pilot testing. AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(5):418–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hergenrather KC, Geishecker S, Clark G, Rhodes SD. A pilot test of the HOPE intervention to explore employment and mental health among African American gay men living with HIV/AIDS: results from a CBPR study. AIDS Educ Prev. 2013;25(5):405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Logie CH, Lacombe-Duncan A, Weaver J, Navia D, Este D. A pilot study of a group-based HIV and STI prevention intervention for lesbian, bisexual, queer, and other women who have sex with women in Canada. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2015;29(6):321–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nyamathi A, Reback CJ, Shoptaw S, Salem BE, Zhang S, Yadav K. Impact of tailored interventions to reduce drug use and sexual risk behaviors among homeless gay and bisexual men. Am J Mens Health. 2015. pii: 1557988315590837.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Rendina HJ, Safren SA, Parsons JT. LGB-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: a randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Stall R, Mills TC, Williamson J, Hart T, Greenwood G, Paul J, et al. Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):939–42.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Goodman LA, Pugach M, Skolnik A, Smith L. Poverty and mental health practice: within and beyond the 50-minute hour. J Clin Psychol. 2013;69(2):182–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Williams AR, McDougall JC, Bruggeman SK, Erwin PJ, Kroshus ME, Naessens JM. Estimation of unreimbursed patient education costs at a large group practice. J Contin Educ Heal Prof. 2004;24(1):12–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Brindis CD, Klein J, Schlitt J, Santelli J, Juszczak L, Nystrom RJ. School-based health centers: accessibility and accountability. J Adolesc Health. 2003;32(6):98–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Senderowitz J. Involving youth in reproductive health projects. Washington, DC: FOCUS on young adults; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  44. South J, Bagnall A-M, Hulme C, Woodall J, Longo R, Dixey R, et al. Findings of the review of effectiveness: what are the effects of peer-based interventions on prisoner health? (review question 1). 2014.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura Erickson-Schroth MD, MA .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Erickson-Schroth, L., Glaeser, E. (2017). The Role of Resilience and Resilience Characteristics in Health Promotion. In: Eckstrand, K., Potter, J. (eds) Trauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54507-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54509-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics