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Mobility of Visually Impaired People pp 469–535Cite as

Overview of Smart White Canes: Connected Smart Cane from Front End to Back End

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Abstract

There are 285 million visually impaired people (VIP) worldwide, among whom 39 million are blind (WHO 2014).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cf. Part 3 of this book on mobility cognitive models.

  2. 2.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18432492.

  3. 3.

    See also Part 4 of this book.

  4. 4.

    Although “laser” and “infrared” refer to different, independent aspects of light, and as such cannot perfectly discriminate sensors, we use the terms “infrared sensor” and “laser sensor” in their common sense: an infrared sensor uses an incoherent beam of infrared light, whereas a laser sensor uses a single coherent beam of light, visible or not. Furthermore, we call “laser sensor” only the sensors measuring the distance on a single point; we refer to higher dimensionality laser sensors (2D, 3D) as “LIDARs”.

  5. 5.

    Natural Language Toolkit: http://www.nltk.org/.

  6. 6.

    OpenTripPlanner: http://www.opentripplanner.org/.

  7. 7.

    Wheelmap: http://wheelmap.org.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France

    Jean Connier, Philippe Vaslin, Jian-jin Li, Christophe de Vaulx, Hongling Shi, Xunxing Diao & Kun-Mean Hou

  2. University in Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Gianmario Motta, Tianyi Ma & Kaixu Liu

  3. Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Muhammad Yusro & Kalamullah Ramli

  4. Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France

    Edwige Pissaloux

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Correspondence to Gianmario Motta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France

    Edwige Pissaloux

  2. Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes, Mexico

    Ramiro Velazquez

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Motta, G. et al. (2018). Overview of Smart White Canes: Connected Smart Cane from Front End to Back End. In: Pissaloux, E., Velazquez, R. (eds) Mobility of Visually Impaired People. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54446-5_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54446-5_16

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54446-5

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