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Introduction

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Cybersecurity in France

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Cybersecurity ((BRIEFSCYBER))

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Abstract

This chapter gives a general overview of this monograph and provides an executive summary of its findings.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Full text available at: http://www.ampere.cnrs.fr/textes/essaiphilosophie/pdf/essaiphilosophiesciences_1.pdf.

  2. 2.

    https://ccdcoe.org/cyber-definitions.html.

  3. 3.

    http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/084000341.pdf.

  4. 4.

    «Les moyens d’information et de communication sont devenus les systèmes nerveux de nos sociétés, sans lesquels elles ne peuvent plus fonctionner. Or le «cyberespace», constitue par le maillage de l’ensemble des réseaux, est radicalement différent de l’espace physique: sans frontière, évolutif, anonyme, l’identification certaine d’un agresseur y est délicate» (p. 53).

  5. 5.

    «L’efficacité à tous niveaux des forces de défense et de sécurité dépend et dépendra de plus en plus du bon fonctionnement de leurs systèmes d’information. La planification et l’exécution d’opérations combinées avec des actions cybernétiques tendent en effet à devenir la norme. Avant même que des cibles physiques ne soient détruites, tout système de défense pourra être en effet désorganisé et partiellement aveuglé au travers de frappes silencieuses et ciblées».

  6. 6.

    https://www.ssi.gouv.fr/en/.

  7. 7.

    Luiijf et al. (2011).

  8. 8.

    ENISA—National cyber security strategies resource centre: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/national-cyber-security-strategies/ncss-map?tab=details.

  9. 9.

    See Steve blank, «The secret history of the Silicon Valley», presentation at UC Berkeley Haas School of Business, Nov. 20, 2008 and associated materials at: https://steveblank.com/secret-history/#Secret%20History%20Backstory.

  10. 10.

    See Baumard (1994) and also Stein (1996).

  11. 11.

    See: Arquilla and Ronfeldt (2003) and In Athena’s Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, RAND Corporation, 1997. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR880.html.

  12. 12.

    Baumard (2000).

  13. 13.

    Dearth and Williamson (1996): 25.

  14. 14.

    Baumard (1993).

  15. 15.

    Arquilla (1994).

  16. 16.

    Grinyer and Norburn (1975).

  17. 17.

    Starbuck (1992).

  18. 18.

    See Schudel and Wood (2000) and Van Leeuwen et al. (2015).

  19. 19.

    Dahl (1996).

  20. 20.

    Ibid., p. 128.

  21. 21.

    The original text is available on the Internet Archive at: https://archive.org/stream/Misc-DoD/Joint%20Pub%203-13-Joint%20Doctrine%20for%20Information%20Operations_djvu.txt.

  22. 22.

    Table extract from Baumard (2000).

  23. 23.

    For a thorough analysis, see Deppe (2005).

  24. 24.

    This principal of inseparability between public information, the Russian people and the State would become the main obstacle for the cooperation of Russia within the international legal framework of the Budapest Convention, a year later, in 2001. The Treaty was never ratified by Russia.

  25. 25.

    Russian Information Security Doctrine, Sept. 9, 2000. Translation and quote from K.M. Deppe, op.cit., p. 26.

  26. 26.

    The new Information Security Doctrine of Russia was enacted on December 5, 2016, revoking the Sept 9, 2000 Pr—1895 framework. It enlarges the initial concept of information security to include: “n this doctrine under the information sphere is understood collection of information, facilities information, information systems and websites in the information and telecommunication network “Internet” (Hereinafter—the “Internet” network), communications networks, information technology, entities, which activity is connected with the formation and information processing, development and use of these technology, information security, as well as the totality of the relevant public regulation mechanisms relationship.”

  27. 27.

    This information was breached in Fireye’s report on APT1, and denied by Chinese authorities. https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf.

  28. 28.

    Mandiant/Fireye’ APT1 report, op. cit., p. 3. According to the report: “In 1849 of the 1905 (97%) of the Remote Desktop sessions APT1 conducted under our observation, the APT1 operator’s keyboard layout setting was “Chinese (Simplified)—US Keyboard”. Microsoft’s Remote Desktop client configures this setting automatically based on the selected language on the client system. Therefore, the APT1 attackers likely have their Microsoft operating system configured to display Simplified Chinese fonts. 817 of the 832 (98%) IP addresses logging into APT1 controlled systems using Remote Desktop resolved back to China” ibid., p. 24.

  29. 29.

    Goodman (2010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France

    Philippe Baumard

  2. School of Economic Warfare—ESLSCA, Paris, France

    Philippe Baumard

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  1. Philippe Baumard
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Baumard, P. (2017). Introduction. In: Cybersecurity in France. SpringerBriefs in Cybersecurity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54308-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54308-6_1

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