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Mitigation of Climate Change: Introduction

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Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Abstract

The annual global greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions have continued to grow since the industrial revolution. The dominant driving force for the anthropogenic GHGs emission include population growth, economic growth, fossil fuel consumption and land use change. Since the beginning of industrial revolution to 2015, cumulative anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of 600 ± 70 Pg C were released to the atmosphere, causing an increase in atmospheric CO2 relative abundance of 144% compared to pre-industrial era. The atmospheric concentrations of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have also increased significantly. As a result, changes in climate has caused impacts on natural and human systems across the globe, and continued GHGs emission will cause further climate change impacts. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean and terrestrial biosphere provides better understanding of C cycling and also support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. The mitigation options available combine measures to reduce energy use and CO2 intensity of the end use sectors, reduction of net GHG emissions, decarbonization of the energy supply, and capture and sequestration of C through enhancement of natural C sinks or by engineering techniques. There has also been emphasis on engineering of climate as an alternative mitigation option. Geoengineering , a global large-scale manipulation of the environment, is considered as one of the effective means of mitigating global warming caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Assessment of technical and theoretical aspects of solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) removal methods (CRM) as well as their potential impacts on global climate and ecosystems will be reviewed. Most of the proposed geological engineering methods involving land or ocean will use physical, chemical, or biological approaches to remove atmospheric CO2, while those proposed for atmosphere or space will target radiation without affecting atmospheric CO2 concentration. The CRM schemes tend to be slower, and able to sequester an amount of atmospheric CO2 that is small compared to cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In contrast, SRM approaches have relatively short lead times and can act rapidly to reduce temperature anomaly caused by GHGs emission. Overall, current research on geoengineering is scanty and various international treaties may limit some geoengineering experiments in the real world due to concerns of an unintended consequences.

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  1. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    David A.N. Ussiri & Rattan Lal

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Ussiri, D.A., Lal, R. (2017). Mitigation of Climate Change: Introduction. In: Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53845-7_8

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