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Greenhouse Gas Mitigation under Agriculture and Livestock Landuse

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Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Abstract

Ensuring food security for the growing global population and changing climate are the principal challenges of the modern agriculture. The global population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. With rising incomes and the increasing proportion of global population living in urban areas, the composition of food demand is changing in fundamental ways. Higher income urban population have more diverse diets that feature a variety of high-value food sources such as livestock that are more resource-intensive to produce and process. This adds to the challenge of preserving the resilience of both natural resources and agricultural ecosystems. Agriculture occupies about 38% of the ice-free Earth’s surface, of which, the cropland is about 12% and grazing land is about 26%. Projections indicate that global food production must increase by 70%, while in many African countries where the challenge is most acute, food production must increase by more than 100% by 2050 to meet the global food demand. The average annual share of agriculture, forest and land use to the total anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) has been declining over time from 28.7 ± 1.5% in the 1990s and 23.6 ± 2.1% in 2000s, and the annual value of 21.2 ± 1.5% in 2010. In 2010, agriculture contributed 11.2 ± 0.4% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions compared to 10.0 ± 1.2% of the land use sector. Moreover, agriculture and land use changes associated with it are among the principal contributors of climate change. Agriculture also accounts for 84 and 52% of global nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions. Nonetheless, agriculture sector also is the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of global warming, such as more variable rainfall and more extreme weather generated events. Agriculture practices can potentially mitigate GHG emissions through improved cropland, animal husbandry, and grazing land management practices as well as restoration of degraded land and cultivated organic soils. Sustainable land management delivers benefits through C conservation in natural forests, grasslands, and wetlands, C sequestration in both agriculture soils and natural biomass, both of which remove C from the atmosphere and store it in biomass and soils within the terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, best management practices of croplands, grazing lands and also livestock and their byproducts such as manure could reduce the emissions of GHGs from agriculture and contribute to climate change mitigation.

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  1. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    David A.N. Ussiri & Rattan Lal

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Ussiri, D.A., Lal, R. (2017). Greenhouse Gas Mitigation under Agriculture and Livestock Landuse. In: Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53845-7_10

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