Skip to main content

Residential Differentiation in Aizawl City

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Himalayan Quality of Life

Part of the book series: Springer Geography ((SPRINGERGEOGR))

  • 240 Accesses

Abstract

A city consists of a number of residential areas which are called by different names such as locality, residential district, local community, or neighbourhood. They are characterized by a bundle of spatially based attributes associated with a cluster of residences, sometime in conjunction with other land uses (Galster 2001). According to Harvey (1985: 118), they provide ‘distinctive milieus for social interaction from which individuals to a considerable degree derive their values, expectations, consumption habits, market capacities, and states of consciousness’. Thus, they are places where individuals are brought up, oriented, and cultured to conform to the values and common ideas of the residents. They are central to the analysis of spatial organization in cities since they function simultaneously as institutional, sociological, economic, political, and geographical entities at multiple levels (Warf 2006).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abu-Lughod, J. (1969). Testing the theory of social area analysis: The ecology of Cairo, Egypt. American Sociological Review, 34, 198–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, W. (1960). A theory of the urban land market. Regional Science Association Papers and Proceedings, 6, 149–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, W. (1964). Location and land use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Badcock, B. (2002). Making sense of cities: A geographical survey. New York: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee-Guha, S. (2009). Neoliberalising the ‘Urban’: New geographies of power and injustice in Indian Cities. Economic and Political Weekly, 44(22), 95–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbolet, R. (1969). Housing classes and the socio-economic system. University Working Paper 4. London: Centre for Environmental Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, K., & Short, J. (1989). Development and diversity in urban geography. In D. Gregory & R. Walford (Eds.), Horizons in human geography (pp. 175–193). London: Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, S. (2004). The socio-spatial structure of Australia’s metropolitan regions. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 10(2), 157–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B. J. L. (1965). Internal structure of the city. Law and Contemporary Problems, 30, 111–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B. J. L., & Horton, F. E. (1970). Geographic perspectives on urban systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B. J. L., & Rees, P. H. (1969). The factorial ecology of Calcutta. The American Journal of Sociology, 74(3), 445–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B. J. L., & Spodek, H. (1971). Comparative ecologies of large Indian Cities. Economic Geography, 47(2), 266–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianca, S. (2000). Urban form in the Arab world. London: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenfeld, H. (1959). Are land-use patterns predictable? Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25, 61–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boswell, T. D., & Cruz-Baez, A. D. (1997). Residential segregation by socioeconomic class in metropolitan Miami. Urban Geography, 18(5), 474–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, J., & Parker, A. J. (1975). The factorial ecology of Dublin: A preliminary investigation. The Economic and Social Review, 7(1), 35–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, J. E., & Parker, A. J. (1986). The socio-demographic spatial structure of Dublin in 1981. The Economic and Social Review, 17(4), 229–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brummell, C. (1981). A method of measuring residential stress. Geographical Analysis, 13(3), 248–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, J. E. (1986). Recent changes in ecological patterns of metropolitan Bombay and Delhi. In V. K. Tewari, J. A. Weinstein, & V. L. S. P. Rao (Eds.), Indian cities: Ecological perspectives (pp. 121–150). New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, E. W. (1925). The growth of the city. In R. E. Park, E. W. Burgess, & R. D. Mackenzie (Eds.), The city (pp. 47–62). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, E. W. (1929). Basic social data. In T. V. Smith & L. D. White (Eds.), Chicago: An experiment in social science research (pp. 47–66). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, E. W. (1930). The new community and its future. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 149, 157–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, E. W. (1953). The ecology and social psychology of the city. In D. J. Bogue (Ed.), Needed urban and metropolitan research. Oxford: Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadwallader, M. (1985). Analytical urban geography. Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D. (1982). Urban geography: An introductory guide. Beckenham: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W. A. V., & Cadwallader, M. (1973). Residential preferences: An alternate view of intraurban space. Environment and Planning, 5(6), 693–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cripps, E. L., & Cater, E. A. (1971). The empirical development of a disaggregated residential model: Some preliminary results. Working Paper No. 9. Reading: Urban Systems Research Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, W. (1984). Factorial ecology. Gower: Aldershot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, W. K. D., & Murdie, R. A. (1993). Measuring the social ecology of cities. In L. S. Bourne & D. F. Ley (Eds.), The changing social geography of Canadian cities (pp. 52–75). Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickason, D. G., & Kalamazoo, (1989). Socio-demographic area of Delhi. Population Geography, 11(1 & 2), 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebdon, D. (1977). Statistics in geography: A practical approach. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, A. W. (1992). Road congestion pricing: When is it a good policy? Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 26, 213–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firey, W. F. (1947). Land use in central Boston. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch Ratings. (2012). Jawaharlal Nehru national urban renewal mission: A missed opportunity for urban infrastructure improvement. Public Finance Special Report, retrieved from www.fitchratings.com on May 5, 2013.

  • Foggin, P., & Polese, M. (1976). La Geographie Sociale de Montreal en 1971. Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique-Urbanisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fong, E., & Shibuya, K. (2000). The spatial separation of the poor in Canadian cities. Demography, 37(4), 449–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, L. (1996). A new and improved model of Latin American City structure. Geographical Review, 86(3), 437–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, N. R., & Kenny, J. T. (2005). Introduction. In N. R. Fyfe & J. T. Kenny (Eds.), Urban geography reader (pp. 1–12). New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galster, G. (2001). On the nature of neighbourhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2111–2124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (2006). Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottdiener, M. (1985). The social production of urban space. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greer-Wootten, B. (1972). Le Modele Urbain. In L. Beauregard (Ed.), Montreal. Guide d’excursions, Montreal (pp. 9–31). Montreal: Les Presses de L’univesity de Montreal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamnett, C. (2009). Social segregation and social polarization. In R. Paddison (Ed.), Handbook of urban studies (pp. 162–176). New Delhi: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, E. J. (1975). Behavioural analysis of the concepts used in housing choice (Ph.D. thesis). McMaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harries, K. (1995). The ecology of homicide and assault: Baltimore City and County, 1989–1991. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 4, 44–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. D., & Ullman, E. L. (1945). The nature of cities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 242, 7–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1972). Society, the city and the space economy of urbanism. Resource Paper No. 18, Commission on College Geography, Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1973). Social justice and the city. London: Edward Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1975). Class structure in a capitalist society and the theory of residential differentiation. In R. Peet, M. Chisholm, & P. Haggett (Eds.), Processes in physical and human geography (pp. 354–369). London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1982). The limits to capital. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1985). The urbanization of capital: Studies in the history and theory of capitalist urbanization. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1999). Social justice and the city (Revised ed.). Athens: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (2001). Spaces of capital. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D., & Chatterjee, L. (1974). Absolute rent and the structuring of space by governmental and financial institutions. Antipode, 6(2), 22–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingshead, A. B. (1947). A re-examination of ecological theory. Sociology and Social Research, 31, 194–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home, R. (2013). Of planting and planning: The making of British colonial cities (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, H. (1939). The structure and growth of residential neighborhoods in American Cities. Washington, DC: Federal Housing Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Illeris, S. (2004). How did the population in the Copenhagen region change, 1960-2002? In M. Pak (Ed.), Cities in transition: Proceedings of the IGU Urban Commission (pp. 404–421). University of Ljubljana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, R. J., Poulsen, M., & Forrest, J. (2006). Ethnic residential segregation and assimilation in British towns and cities: A comparison of those claiming single and dual ethnic identities. Migration Letters, 3(1), 11–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. (1960). A social geography of belfast. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalal, D. (2002). Cantonment towns in India: A geographical study of Pune Cantonment. Pune: Vidyanand Prakashan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamath, L., & Waingankar, S. (2015). Hybrid municipalization in Aizawl: A case study of urban reforms from the northeast. Mumbai: Centre for Urban Policy and Governance, School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. D. (1990). Global cities: Post-imperialism and the internationalization of London. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchen, P. (2002). Identifying dimensions of urban social change in Dublin-1986 to 1996. Irish Geography, 35(2), 156–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, P. L. (1978). Social well-being: A spatial perspective. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, P. L. (1982). Urban social geography: An introduction. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, P. L., & Pinch, S. (2010). Urban social geography: An introduction (6th ed.). London: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostof, S. (1992). The city assembled: The elements of urban form through history. Boston: Little Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, A., & Kitchen, P. (2001). Identifying and measuring dimensions of urban deprivation in Montreal: An analysis of the 1996 census data. Urban Studies, 38(1), 119–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lees, L. (2014). Gentrification in the global south? In S. Parnell & S. Oldfield (Eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south (pp. 506–521). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, A. (1991). Homes apart. London: Chapman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontidou, L. (1990). The Mediterranean city in transition: Social change and urban development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., & Shanmuganathan, S. (2007). Social area analysis using SOM and GIS: A preliminary research. Working Paper No.07-3. Ritsumeikan Center for Asia Pacific Studies (RCAPS), Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, J. R., Alba, R., & Zhang, W. (2002). Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 299–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowder, S. (1983). Inside third world cities. London: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabogunje, A. L. (1992). Perspective on urban land and urban management policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Technical Paper No. 196. Africa Technical Department Series. Washington: DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maloutas, T. (2012). Introduction: Residential segregation in context. In T. Maloutas & K. Fujita (Eds.), Residential segregation in comparative perspectives (pp. 1–36). Surrey: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maloutas, T., & Karadimitriou, N. (2001). Vertical social differentiation in Athens: Alternative or complement to community segregation? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(4), 699–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, P. (1965). An approach to urban sociology. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S., Condran, G. A., & Denton, N. A. (1987). The effect of residential segregation on black social and economic well-being. Social Forces, 66(1), 29–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1988). The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 67(2), 281–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElrath, D. C. (1968). Societal scale and social differentiation, Accra, Ghana. In D. C. Greer, McElrath, D. Minar, & P. Orleans (Eds.), The new urbanization (pp. 33–52). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, T. (1967). The Southeast Asian city. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W. B. (2005). The poor on the hilltops? The vertical fringe of a late nineteenth-century American city. Annals of Association of American Geographers, 95(4), 773–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monkkonen, P. (2010). Measuring residential segregation in urban Mexico: Levels and patterns. Working Paper. Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, P., Natalier, K., Smith, P., & Smeaton, B. (1999). Cities and consumption spaces. Urban Affairs Review, 35(1), 44–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history: Its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murie, A., Niner, P., & Watson, C. (1976). Housing policy and the housing system. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muth, R. F. (1969). Cities and housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nightingale, C. H. (2012). Segregation: A global history of divided city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nissel, H. (1978). Determination of social areas by using multivariate techniques: The case of greater Bombay. Bombay Geographical Magazine, 26(1), 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northam, R. M. (1975). Urban geography. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, K. L., & Fogarty-Valenzuela, B. (2013). Verticality. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 19(2), 378–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacione, M. (1996). Ethnic segregation in the European city: The case of Vienna. Geography, 81(2), 120–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacione, M. (2009). Urban geography: A global perspective (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, R. E., Burgess, E. W., & Mckenzie, R. D. (1925). The city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plato (C. 460 BC/1937). Republic (P. Shorey, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakasa Rao, V. L. S., & Tewari, V. K. (1986). The ecological structure of Bangalore City. In V. K. Tewari, J. A. Weinstein, & V. L. S. Prakasa Rao (Eds.), Indian cities: Ecological perspectives (pp. 221–242). New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson, B. T. (1969). Urban analysis: A study of city structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson, B. T. (1975). Urban social areas. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarma, M. C. (1982). Structural analysis of the city of Guwahati: A geographical study. Calcutta: Naya Prokash.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, P. (2001). Urban Ecology. In R. Paddison (Ed.), Handbook of urban studies (pp. 36–52). London: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schnore, L. (1965). On the spatial structure of cities in the two Americas. In P. Hauser & L. Schnore (Eds.), The study of urbanization (pp. 347–398). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, S. (1988). Residential patterns of suburbs: A case study of Ahmedabad. New Delhi: Concept Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M. (1979). Reconciling social and physical space: Wolverhampton, 1871. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 4(2), 192–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shevky, E., & Bell, W. (1955). Social area analysis. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shevky, E., & Williams, M. (1949). The social areas of Los Angeles. Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, D. (1981). Outsiders in urban societies. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sit, V. F. S. (1999). Social areas in Beijing. Geografiska Annaler, 81B(4), 203–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sita, K. (2013). Mumbai: The financial capital of India. In R. P. Misra (Ed.), Urbanisation in South Asia: Focus on mega cities (pp. 78–108). New Delhi: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sjoberg, G. (1960). The pre-industrial city. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. M., & Gray, R. J. (1972). Social indicators for Tampa, Florida, (Mimeo). Urban Studies Bureau: University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweetser, F. L. (1965). Factor structure as ecological structure in Helsinki and Boston. Acta Sociologica, 8, 205–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timms, D. (1971). The urban Mosaic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Townshend, I. J., & Walker, R. (2002). The structure of income residential segregation in Canadian metropolitan areas. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 25(1), 25–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trudeau, D. (2006). The persistence of segregation in Buffalo, New York: Corner vs. Cisneros and geographies of relocation decisions among low-income black households. Urban Geography, 27(1), 20–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Arsdol, M. D., Camilleri, S. F., & Schmid, C. (1958). The generality of urban social area indexes. American Sociological Review, 23(3), 277–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kempen, R. (2002). The academic formulations: Explanations for the partitioned city. In P. Marcuse & R. Van Kempen (Eds.), Of states and cities: The partitioning of urban space (pp. 35–58). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Kempen, R., & Murie, A. (2009). The new divided city: Changing patterns in European cities. Tijdschrift voor Econische Sociale Geografie, 100(4), 377–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, B. (1986). Ethnicity and Irish residential distribution. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 11(2), 131–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warf, B. (2006). Neighborhood. In B. Warf (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human geography (pp. 324–326). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Washington, H. A. O. (2001). The dynamics and implications of sustaining urban spatial segregation in Kenya: Experiences from Nairobi Metropolis. A Paper Presented at the International Seminar on Segregation In the City, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy in Cambridge, MA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Western, J., & Larnach, A. (1998). The social and spatial structure of south east of Queensland. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 4(2), 215–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, P. (1984). The West-European City: A social geography. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M. (1987). American neighborhoods and residential differentiation. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. A. (1976). West Virginia: A bicentennial history. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. The American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, J. (1965). Behavioral aspects of the decision to migrate. Papers of the Regional Science Association, 15, 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Q., Cheng, J., Chen, G., Hammel, D. J., & Wu, X. (2014). Socio-spatial differentiation and residential segregation in the Chinese City based on the 2000 community-level census data: A case study of the inner city of Nanjing. Cities, 39, 109–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q. (1998). Residential segregation of Asian Americans in the Atlanta metropolitan area, 1990. Southeastern Geographer, 38(2), 125–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin L. Saitluanga .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Saitluanga, B.L. (2017). Residential Differentiation in Aizawl City. In: Himalayan Quality of Life. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53780-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics