Abstract
Many of the leadership practices frequently employed by women have greatly influenced mainstream outdoor learning environments (OLEs) and have been adopted as common practice. In general, women’s influence in the field of adventure programming and OLEs has brought greater congruency between ethical conduct towards participants and leaders of all genders and towards the environment, as well as recognition of the importance of healthy connections and spiritual relationships. This chapter explores how practitioners can ultimately increase participants’ learning opportunities by updating practices based on locus of control, challenge by choice, stress, co-regulation, tend and befriend, comfort zone, and familiar zone, resulting in and more fun into OLEs’ programming. The author relates experiences from the 1960s and 1970s of Outward Bound and Girl Scouts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Badenoch, B. (2017). The myth of self-regulation. Retrieved from http://www.soundstrue.com/store/leading-edge-of-psychotherapy/free-masterclass-video1?sq=1&utm_source=bronto&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=C170119-LEP-Participant2&utm_content=Limited+Psychotherapy+Masterclass+replay+now+available&_bta_tid=338524539376000578196068934180673701318957347288589330246612452286412960856337485447204&_bta_c=ierw2wuju9h6dctwmcnc58nk3jrcr
Blum, A. (1980). Annapurna: A woman’s place. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
Bolen, S. (2018). The backcountry of the female mind: Young women’s voices from the wilderness. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brymer, E., & Schweitzer, R. D. (2017). Evoking the ineffable: The phenomenology of extreme sports. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(1), 63.
Davis-Berman, J., & Berman, D. (2002). Risk and anxiety in adventure programming. The Journal of Experimental Education, 25(2), 305–331.
Franz, D. (2016, November 17). Junko Tabei, first woman to summit Everest, dies at 77. Alpinist. Retrieved from http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web16f/newswire-junko-tabei-obit
Haras, K., Bunting, C. J., & Witt, P. A. (2006). Meaningful involvement opportunities in ropes course programs. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(3), 339.
Hazard, R. (1979). Girls just want to have fun (Recorded by Cyndi Lauper). On Girls just want to have fun (7″ single). New York, NY: Portrait Records (1983).
Hornibrook, T., Brinkert, E., Perry, D., Seimens, R., Mitten, D., & Priest, S. (1997). The benefits and motivations of all-women outdoor programs. The Journal of Experimental Education, 20(3), 152–158.
Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the brain in mind (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Loeffler, T. A. (1997). Assisting women in developing a sense of competence in outdoor programs. Journal of Experiential Education, 20(3), 119–123.
McAvoy, L., Mitten, D., Steckart, J., & Stringer, L. (1992). Research in outdoor education: Group development and group dynamics. In K. Henderson (Ed.), Coalition for education in the outdoors research symposium proceedings (pp. 23–34). Bradford Woods, IN: Coalition for Education in the Outdoors.
Mitten, D. (1985). A philosophical basis for a women’s outdoor adventure program. The Journal of Experimental Education, 8(2), 20–24.
Mitten, D. (1986). Stress management and wilderness activities. In M. Gass & L. Buel (Eds.), Proceedings Journal. Moodus, CT: Association of Experiential Education 14th Annual Conference.
Mitten, D. (1992). Empowering girls and women in the outdoors. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 63(2), 56–60.
Mitten, D. (1994). Ethical considerations in adventure therapy: A feminist critique. In E. Cole, E. Erdman, & E. Rothblum (Eds.), Wilderness therapy for women: The power of adventure (pp. 55–84). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Press.
Mitten, D. (1996). The value of feminist ethics in experiential education teaching and leadership. In K. Warren (Ed.), Women and experiential education (pp. 159–171). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
Mitten, D. (1998). You ain’t gonna get me on that rock. ZipLines: The Voice for Adventure Education, (34), 46–50.
Mitten, D. (1999). Leadership for community building. In J. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 253–261). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Mitten, D. (2004). Adventure therapy as a complementary and alternative therapy. In S. Bandoroff & S. Newes (Eds.), Coming of age: The evolving field of adventure therapy (pp. 240–257). Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.
Mitten, D. (2007). Setting the stage: How to get the group norms you want. In B. Stremba & C. Bisson (Eds.), Teaching adventure education theory best practices (pp. 289–300). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mitten, D. (2009). Under our noses: The healing power of nature. Taproot Journal, 19(1), 20–26. Retrieved from http://wupcenter.mtu.edu/community/no_child_left_indoors/under_your_noses.html
Mitten, D. (2012). Systems theory and thinking [Course handout]. Prescott College Master of Arts Program.
Mitten, D. (2014). Human development and nature interaction [Working paper]. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304946104_Human_Development_and_Nature_Interaction
Mitten, D., & Clement, K. (2007). Skills and responsibilities for adventure education leaders. In R. Prouty, J. Panicucci, & R. Collinson (Eds.), Adventure based programming and education (pp. 79–99). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mitten, D., & Whittingham, M. (2009). Be safe out there: Critically thinking risk in adventure education. In B. Stremba & C. Bisson (Eds.), Teaching adventure education theory best practices (pp. 251–256). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mitten, D., & Woodruff, S. (2010). Women’s adventure history and education programming in the United States favors Friluftsliv. Norwegian Journal of Friluftsliv. Retrieved from http://www.norwegianjournaloffriluftsliv.com/doc/212010.pdf
Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Repetti, R. L. (1989). Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction: The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 651.
Sax, L. (2006). Six degrees of separation: What teachers need to know about the emerging science of sex differences. Educational Horizons, 84(3), 190–200.
Shors, T. J., Chua, C., & Falduto, J. (2001). Sex differences and opposite effects of stress of dendritic spine density in the male versus female hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 21(16), 6292–6297.
Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 273–277.
Taylor, S. E., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., Updegraff, J. A., & Klein, L. C. (2002). Sex differences in biobehavioral responses to threat: Reply to Geary and Flinn (2002). Psychological Review, 109(4), 751–753. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.751
Traister, R. (2017, May 26). Hillary Clinton is furious. And resigned. And funny. And worried. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/hillary-clinton-life-after-election.html
Tyson, L., & Asmus, K. (2008). Deepening the paradigm of choice: Exploring choice & power in experiential education. In K. Warren, D. Mitten, & T. Loeffler (Eds.), Theory and practice of experiential education (pp. 262–281). Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.
Van Bockern, S., & Wenger, L. (1999). Educational best practice or malpractice? Our choice. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 7(4), 212.
Wolfe, B. D., & Samdahl, D. M. (2005). Challenging assumptions: Examining fundamental beliefs that shape challenge course programming and research. The Journal of Experimental Education, 28(1), 25–43.
Yerkes, R., & Miranda, W. (1982). Outdoor adventure courses for women: Implications for new programming. Journal of Health, Physical Education, and Dance, 53(4), 82–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mitten, D. (2018). Women and Leadership: Commitments to Nurturing, More-than-Human Worlds, and Fun. In: Gray, T., Mitten, D. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Outdoor Learning. Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53549-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53550-0
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)