Skip to main content

Women and Leadership: Commitments to Nurturing, More-than-Human Worlds, and Fun

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education ((GED))

Abstract

Many of the leadership practices frequently employed by women have greatly influenced mainstream outdoor learning environments (OLEs) and have been adopted as common practice. In general, women’s influence in the field of adventure programming and OLEs has brought greater congruency between ethical conduct towards participants and leaders of all genders and towards the environment, as well as recognition of the importance of healthy connections and spiritual relationships. This chapter explores how practitioners can ultimately increase participants’ learning opportunities by updating practices based on locus of control, challenge by choice, stress, co-regulation, tend and befriend, comfort zone, and familiar zone, resulting in and more fun into OLEs’ programming. The author relates experiences from the 1960s and 1970s of Outward Bound and Girl Scouts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Badenoch, B. (2017). The myth of self-regulation. Retrieved from http://www.soundstrue.com/store/leading-edge-of-psychotherapy/free-masterclass-video1?sq=1&utm_source=bronto&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=C170119-LEP-Participant2&utm_content=Limited+Psychotherapy+Masterclass+replay+now+available&_bta_tid=338524539376000578196068934180673701318957347288589330246612452286412960856337485447204&_bta_c=ierw2wuju9h6dctwmcnc58nk3jrcr

  • Blum, A. (1980). Annapurna: A woman’s place. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolen, S. (2018). The backcountry of the female mind: Young women’s voices from the wilderness. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brymer, E., & Schweitzer, R. D. (2017). Evoking the ineffable: The phenomenology of extreme sports. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(1), 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis-Berman, J., & Berman, D. (2002). Risk and anxiety in adventure programming. The Journal of Experimental Education, 25(2), 305–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franz, D. (2016, November 17). Junko Tabei, first woman to summit Everest, dies at 77. Alpinist. Retrieved from http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web16f/newswire-junko-tabei-obit

  • Haras, K., Bunting, C. J., & Witt, P. A. (2006). Meaningful involvement opportunities in ropes course programs. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(3), 339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazard, R. (1979). Girls just want to have fun (Recorded by Cyndi Lauper). On Girls just want to have fun (7″ single). New York, NY: Portrait Records (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornibrook, T., Brinkert, E., Perry, D., Seimens, R., Mitten, D., & Priest, S. (1997). The benefits and motivations of all-women outdoor programs. The Journal of Experimental Education, 20(3), 152–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the brain in mind (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler, T. A. (1997). Assisting women in developing a sense of competence in outdoor programs. Journal of Experiential Education, 20(3), 119–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAvoy, L., Mitten, D., Steckart, J., & Stringer, L. (1992). Research in outdoor education: Group development and group dynamics. In K. Henderson (Ed.), Coalition for education in the outdoors research symposium proceedings (pp. 23–34). Bradford Woods, IN: Coalition for Education in the Outdoors.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1985). A philosophical basis for a women’s outdoor adventure program. The Journal of Experimental Education, 8(2), 20–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1986). Stress management and wilderness activities. In M. Gass & L. Buel (Eds.), Proceedings Journal. Moodus, CT: Association of Experiential Education 14th Annual Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1992). Empowering girls and women in the outdoors. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 63(2), 56–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1994). Ethical considerations in adventure therapy: A feminist critique. In E. Cole, E. Erdman, & E. Rothblum (Eds.), Wilderness therapy for women: The power of adventure (pp. 55–84). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1996). The value of feminist ethics in experiential education teaching and leadership. In K. Warren (Ed.), Women and experiential education (pp. 159–171). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1998). You ain’t gonna get me on that rock. ZipLines: The Voice for Adventure Education, (34), 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1999). Leadership for community building. In J. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 253–261). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (2004). Adventure therapy as a complementary and alternative therapy. In S. Bandoroff & S. Newes (Eds.), Coming of age: The evolving field of adventure therapy (pp. 240–257). Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (2007). Setting the stage: How to get the group norms you want. In B. Stremba & C. Bisson (Eds.), Teaching adventure education theory best practices (pp. 289–300). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (2009). Under our noses: The healing power of nature. Taproot Journal, 19(1), 20–26. Retrieved from http://wupcenter.mtu.edu/community/no_child_left_indoors/under_your_noses.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (2012). Systems theory and thinking [Course handout]. Prescott College Master of Arts Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (2014). Human development and nature interaction [Working paper]. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304946104_Human_Development_and_Nature_Interaction

  • Mitten, D., & Clement, K. (2007). Skills and responsibilities for adventure education leaders. In R. Prouty, J. Panicucci, & R. Collinson (Eds.), Adventure based programming and education (pp. 79–99). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D., & Whittingham, M. (2009). Be safe out there: Critically thinking risk in adventure education. In B. Stremba & C. Bisson (Eds.), Teaching adventure education theory best practices (pp. 251–256). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D., & Woodruff, S. (2010). Women’s adventure history and education programming in the United States favors Friluftsliv. Norwegian Journal of Friluftsliv. Retrieved from http://www.norwegianjournaloffriluftsliv.com/doc/212010.pdf

  • Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repetti, R. L. (1989). Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction: The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sax, L. (2006). Six degrees of separation: What teachers need to know about the emerging science of sex differences. Educational Horizons, 84(3), 190–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shors, T. J., Chua, C., & Falduto, J. (2001). Sex differences and opposite effects of stress of dendritic spine density in the male versus female hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 21(16), 6292–6297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 273–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. E., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., Updegraff, J. A., & Klein, L. C. (2002). Sex differences in biobehavioral responses to threat: Reply to Geary and Flinn (2002). Psychological Review, 109(4), 751–753. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Traister, R. (2017, May 26). Hillary Clinton is furious. And resigned. And funny. And worried. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/hillary-clinton-life-after-election.html

  • Tyson, L., & Asmus, K. (2008). Deepening the paradigm of choice: Exploring choice & power in experiential education. In K. Warren, D. Mitten, & T. Loeffler (Eds.), Theory and practice of experiential education (pp. 262–281). Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Bockern, S., & Wenger, L. (1999). Educational best practice or malpractice? Our choice. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 7(4), 212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, B. D., & Samdahl, D. M. (2005). Challenging assumptions: Examining fundamental beliefs that shape challenge course programming and research. The Journal of Experimental Education, 28(1), 25–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yerkes, R., & Miranda, W. (1982). Outdoor adventure courses for women: Implications for new programming. Journal of Health, Physical Education, and Dance, 53(4), 82–85.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mitten, D. (2018). Women and Leadership: Commitments to Nurturing, More-than-Human Worlds, and Fun. In: Gray, T., Mitten, D. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Outdoor Learning. Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53549-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53550-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics