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Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World pp 511–530Cite as

Hypogene Speleogenesis in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and Texas, USA

Part of the Cave and Karst Systems of the World book series (CAKASYWO)

Abstract

The Guadalupe Mountains consist of an uplift of Permian carbonate shelf deposits in a semiarid landscape. A variety of speleogenetic processes, mostly hypogene, have made them one of the world’s best-known cave regions. The most notable caves are Carlsbad Cavern, which contains the largest known cave room in the USA, and Lechuguilla Cave, now the world’s 7th longest. Because the caves are no longer active, there was early confusion about their origin. This was resolved when long-dormant sulfuric acid processes were recognized, with H2S supplied by nearby oil fields. Potassium-argon dating of the by-product mineral alunite in the Guadalupes indicates speleogenetic ages from 12 to 4 million years, decreasing with lower elevation. Caves show abundant evidence for subaerial corrosion, both by sulfuric acid and carbonic acid in water films. Many seemingly phreatic features have resulted from this subaerial process. Microbial alteration of bedrock has contributed to weathering. There is evidence that isolated caves of greater age, lined by large scalenohedral calcite, were formed by supercritical CO2 in deep thermal water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.O. Box 362, Lake City, CO, 81235, USA

    Harvey R. DuChene

  2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York, Oneonta, NY, 13820-4015, USA

    Arthur N. Palmer & Margaret V. Palmer

  3. 814 North Canal St., Carlsbad, NM, 88220, USA

    J. Michael Queen

  4. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Victor J. Polyak, David D. Decker, Carol A. Hill & Michael Spilde

  5. National Park Service, 240 West 5th Avenue, Anchorage, AK, 99501, USA

    Paul A. Burger

  6. 2819 North Surrey Drive, Carrollton, TX, 75006, USA

    Douglas W. Kirkland

  7. NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Ctr., Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA

    Penelope Boston

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  1. Harvey R. DuChene
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  2. Arthur N. Palmer
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  3. Margaret V. Palmer
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Correspondence to Arthur N. Palmer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hydrogeological Problems, Institute of Geological Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine

    Alexander Klimchouk

  2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York, Oneonta, New York, USA

    Arthur N. Palmer

  3. Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Jo De Waele

  4. Instituto do Carste, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Augusto S. Auler

  5. University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France

    Philippe Audra

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DuChene, H.R. et al. (2017). Hypogene Speleogenesis in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and Texas, USA. In: Klimchouk, A., N. Palmer, A., De Waele, J., S. Auler, A., Audra, P. (eds) Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World. Cave and Karst Systems of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_31

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