Abstract
NGS technologies have provided unprecedented access to the gene pool of all living beings, in particular the large number and diversity of microorganism inhabitants of any given environment, and these methods allow to do it in a culture-independent manner. Using these technologies, a variety of questions can now be approached to solve the unknowns related to the analysis of nucleic acids and cell functioning such as whole-genome sequencing, target-specific re-sequencing, discovery of transcription factor-binding sites, noncoding RNA expression profiling, whole-genome expression analyses, gene evolution and mobility, and phylogeny and phylogenomics, among many other strategies to study the working of cells and the involved mechanisms. Specifically, how cells live under extreme conditions can provide with increasingly important information on the evolutionary mechanisms of living forms as well as the resistance of biomolecules to extreme conditions and the functioning of extreme microorganisms and their biomolecules. This chapter discusses a number of disclosed extremophilic microorganisms and highlights the potential of some of their genes as an example of the application of NGS to explore the biological features of those microbes living under the extreme conditions. NGS technologies allow high-throughput processing of DNA and RNA sequences which enhanced our understanding of the enormous amount of information encoded in these molecules and accelerated magnitude for an acquisition of sequencing data. NGS has greatly revolutionized the potential to investigate cell structure and functioning through the study of genomics and the molecular biology of extremophilic microorganisms and their genes.
Keywords
- Molecular ecology
- New NGS
- Mining of unkown genes
- DNA
- Metagenomics
- Whole genome sequencing
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Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank Dr. V. C. Kalia, chief scientist of CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, and professor of Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Delhi University campus, Delhi (India), for giving continuous any possible opportunity to write this chapter. BNR is also thankful to the coauthor of this chapter Dr. Juan M Gonzalez, senior scientist, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology, Spanish National Research Council, Seville, Spain, for his talented and well-versed advice, untiring efforts, timely suggestions, rational and constructive criticisms, and constant encouragement right from the beginning till the final shaping of this chapter in the present form.
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Rekadwad, B., Gonzalez, J.M. (2017). New Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS): Mining for Genes and the Potential of Extremophiles. In: Kalia, V., Kumar, P. (eds) Microbial Applications Vol.1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52666-9_12
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