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Distraction Osteogenesis: Biologic and Biomechanical Principles

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Craniofacial Distraction

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis is a bone-regenerative process in which an osteotomy is followed by gradual distraction of the surrounding vascularized bone segments, with formation of new bone within the distraction gap. This process was first described by Alessandro Codivilla at the turn of the twentieth century [1, 2]. Codivilla demonstrated the ability to lengthen the chronically deformed femur or tibia 3–8 cm following an oblique osteotomy. He did this by applying a 25–30 kg distractive force across a full extremity plaster cast, which was serially and circumferentially cut near the level of deformity. Application of traction occurred only at the time of cast adjustment, causing a gap to form, which was then filled with additional plaster. This frequently resulted in pressure necrosis due to rubbing of the cast against the soft tissues of the leg.

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    Christopher M. Runyan M.D., Ph.D., Roberto L. Flores M.D. & Joseph G. McCarthy M.D.

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Runyan, C.M., Flores, R.L., McCarthy, J.G. (2017). Distraction Osteogenesis: Biologic and Biomechanical Principles. In: McCarthy, J. (eds) Craniofacial Distraction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52564-8_2

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