Abstract
Trees have been used as design objects in urban environments since the establishment of cities. Their use as aesthetic objects has ranged from the individual specimen tree that resemble sculpture to large numbers of trees unifying and enhancing the visual properties of streets and boulevards. This chapter evaluates the variety of designs observed in different urban settings in 33 cities around the world. These include: streets and boulevards, traffic barriers, small parks, large parks, housing areas, urban greenbelts, water’s edge, cemeteries, freeways, and rooftop gardens.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literature Cited
Arnold HF (1993) Trees in urban design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Barnard ES (2002) New York City trees. Columbia University Press, New York
Barton N (1962) The lost rivers of London. Historical Publications Ltd, London
Ben-Joseph E (1995) Creative flows: the Japanese experience in urban stream restoration. On The Ground 2(1):19–20
Buchmann A (2002) Lucio Costa, O inventor da cidade de Brasilia. Thesaurus, Brasilia
Cheng S, McBride JR, Fukunari K (2000) The urban forest of Tokyo. Arboric J 23:379–392
Cooper Marcus C (1995) House as a mirror of self: exploring the deeper meaning of home. Conrai Press, Berkeley
Cowell FR (1978) The garden as a fine art from antiquity to modern times. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
Gray DH, Leiser AT (1982) Biotechnical slope protection and erosion control. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar
Gruffydd B (1987) Tree form, size, and colour: a guide to selection, planting, and design. E. & F. N. Spon, New York
Irving RG (1981) Indian summer: Lutyens, Baker and imperial Delhi. Yale University Press, New Haven
Jackson KT, Vergara CJ (1989) Silent cities: the evolution of American cemeteries. Princeton Architectural Press, New York
Jacobs AB (1993) Great streets. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Jacobs AB, MacDonald E, Rofe Y (2002) The boulevard book. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Kaufman W (1967) Stuttgard cleans the air. Landsc Architect 57:176
Lawrence HW (1995) Changing forms and persistent values: historical perspectives on the urban forest. In: Bradley GA (ed) Urban forest landscapes: integrating multidisciplinary perspectives. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp 17–40
Littlewood M (1988) Tree detailing. Butterworth Architecture, London
McBride JR (2003) Palo Alto tree study. Report to the City of Palo Alto Planning Department.
McBride JR, Doughovnikoff V (2011) Characteristics of the urban forests in arctic and near-arctic cities. Urban For Urban Green 11(2):1–7
McBride JR, Mossadegh A (2000) Tree-lined canals and the urban forest of Tehran. Arboricult J 24:155–173
Osmundson TH (1999) Roof gardens: history, design and construction. W. W. Norton, New York
Riley AL (1998) Restoring streams in cities: a guide for planners, policymakers, and citizens. Island Press, Washington, DC
Rydberg D (1998) Urban forestry in Sweden. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Silvestra 73
Rydberg D, Falck J (1998) Designing the urban forest of tomorrow – pre commercial thinning adapted for use in urban areas in shaping tomorrow’s urban forest. Arboric J 22:147–171
Southworth M, Ben-Joseph E (1997) Streets and the shaping of towns and cities. McGraw-Hill, New York
Trowbridge PJ, Bassuk NL (2004) Trees in the urban landscape: site assessment, design, and installation. Wiley, Hoboken
Tsuru K (ed) (1992) Elements and total concept of urban tree design. Graphic-sha, Tokyo
Turner T (1991) Toward a green strategy for London. London Planning Advisory Committee, London
Urban J (1989) New techniques in urban tree planting. J Arboric 15:281–284
Valk H (2006) Cemeteries and ritual meals. In: Andren A, Jennbert K, Raudvere C (eds) Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives: origins, changes and interactions – an international conference in Lund, Sweden, 3–7 June 2004. Nordic Academic Press, Lund, pp 141–146
Zion RL (1995) Trees for architecture and landscape. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McBride, J.R. (2017). Design. In: The World’s Urban Forests. Future City, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52108-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52108-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-52107-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-52108-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)