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Strongly Correlated Photons in Nonlinear Nanophotonic Platforms

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Quantum Simulations with Photons and Polaritons

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Abstract

Modern nano-fabrication technologies allow to realize photonic propagation and confinement to unprecedented degree of compactness, and very close to lossless conditions. Such figures of merit are inherently driving the possibility to reach a strong enhancement of optical nonlinearities in ordinary semiconductor platforms, which have been mainly used for opto-electronics purposes so far. After reviewing the basic nanophotonic platforms that are used today in integrated quantum photonics, with a focus on photonic crystal cavities and cavity arrays, we will give an overview of recent theoretical descriptions of the strongly correlated photonic concepts in such systems. The focus will be on small-scale systems, compatible with modern nanofabrication capabilities, and on physical quantities of direct experimental access, such as field intensity and second-order correlation function. A few topical cases that will be reviewed include novel quantum photonic devices of increasing system size and complexity, from the quantum optical Josephson interferometer in a three-cavity system, to the out-of-equilibrium phase crossover from delocalized to strongly interacting many-body states in cavity arrays.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We notice that the figure of merit to be optimized for coupled QD-cavity based single-photon nonlinearities scales as \(Q/\sqrt{V}_{\mathrm {eff}}\) (see, e.g., Ref. [68]), while antibunching scales as \(Q^2/{V}^2_{\mathrm {eff}}\) for the Kerr-type nonlinearity.

  2. 2.

    We notice that a slightly more complicated behavior, which does not hinder the main conclusions outlined above, occurs for the system of three coupled cavities, sketched in Fig. 6.6b, when the external resonators have a comparable dissipation rate as the central cavity \(\gamma _{1,3} \sim \gamma \), since the coupled modes affect the physical response of the system at large \(J/ \gamma \) [18].

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Acknowledgements

This chapter was meant to provide a short review of some of our research works on strongly correlated photonic systems in integrated photonic platforms. For all these contributions, and for fruitful inspiration and several useful discussions, we are indebted to L.C. Andreani, S. De Liberato, R. Fazio, S. Ferretti, M. Galli, V. Giovannetti, A. Imamoǧlu, V. Savona, and H.E. Türeci.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    D. Gerace

  2. Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France

    C. Ciuti

  3. INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123, Povo, Italy

    I. Carusotto

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  1. Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Dimitris G. Angelakis

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Gerace, D., Ciuti, C., Carusotto, I. (2017). Strongly Correlated Photons in Nonlinear Nanophotonic Platforms. In: Angelakis, D. (eds) Quantum Simulations with Photons and Polaritons. Quantum Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52025-4_6

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