Abstract
This chapter analyzes the socio-territorial pattern of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro as a result of the dispute between housing production modes, in which the capitalistic mode imposes itself. Such a dispute emerges when autoconstructed popular spaces—as well as the commoditized ones—join the corporate circuit of appreciation. It examined trends in housing production by these agents in the last decade, starting with a more general analysis of the metropolitan totality and then privileging four trends of socio-territorial dynamics, in the district scale: elitization of the upper districts of the capital; formation of new concentrations of middle sectors; proletarianization of the inner city; and increasing social distance between favelas and peripheries.
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- 1.
This paper calls “suburb” a vast region located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, urbanized in the first half of the twentieth century to house the nascent industry and its workers. From the 1980s, most of the industries closed, the numerous existing shantytowns (favelas) have had a high population growth and the public, municipal and state powers excluded the traditional suburban area as an investment area.
- 2.
The city of Niterói, which contains some areas of high social profile, was not considered here because the census data were not broken down by districts.
- 3.
Five major favelas of Rio de Janeiro—Rocinha, Complexo do Alemão, Jacarézinho, Maré and Cidade de Deus—were institutionalized as Administrative Regions by the city and, therefore, appear as districts in the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses. Data for other favelas were not broken down.
- 4.
Since the second half of the 1990s, individual credit for buying a home on the market could be accessed by families with some financing capacity and formal employment relationship, through the Credit Chart Program (Programa Carta de Crédito). In some remote areas, this market remained and assured supply of homes for lower income groups.
- 5.
Data relating to the occupation status of the employed heads of household.
- 6.
Brazilian public company dedicated to the financing and production of housing projects from 1964 to 1986.
- 7.
Created in 2009, the My House My Life Program (Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida—PMCMV) aims to make housing affordable for families organized through housing cooperatives, associations, and other private non-profit entities. Linked to the National Housing Secretariat of the Ministry of Cities, it is directed to families whose gross monthly household income is up to R$ 1600.00.
- 8.
The paving of traffic routes in the analyzed favelas reflect the urbanization policies practiced since the 1980s.
References
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do Lago, L.C., Cardoso, A.L. (2017). Segregation and Real Estate Production. In: de Queiroz Ribeiro, L. (eds) Urban Transformations in Rio de Janeiro. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51899-2_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51899-2_8
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