Abstract
In this chapter we investigate departures from the universal behavior of weakly-bound LiCsCs three-body states due to finite-range effects in the heteronuclear Efimov scenario. The presented Born-Oppenheimer model illuminates the important role of finite-range physics in the heavy-heavy-light system with intuitive clarity. In the following experiments we realize the Li-Cs-Cs Efimov scenario with positive Cs-Cs scattering length for the first time, in this way pioneering the understanding of its influence on the three-body physics. Surprisingly, the resulting Efimov states are almost independent of molecular forces that govern chemical binding of atoms into molecules—the binding of the three atoms is purely quantum-mechanical and the three-body system becomes universal. Finally, we model two-body interactions between individual atoms by van der Waals tails of molecular potentials, and explain the previously observed deviations from the universal behavior.
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Notes
- 1.
There exist extremely good approximations to them, which is the exact source of the universality in few-body physics [2].
- 2.
- 3.
Note that the length variable R used in the hyperspherical and BO approach denotes the hyperradius and the distance between the heavy particles, respectively. This implies a different definition of the reduced mass, as discussed in Sect. 3.2.1.
- 4.
We do not consider the Li-Li vdW interactions, since in our experiments the fermionic Li is prepared in a single spin state, which does not undergo s-wave scattering.
- 5.
In this expression the CsCs superscript is omitted for clearer presentation, i.e. \( r_\mathrm {vdW}=r_\mathrm {vdW}^\mathrm {CsCs}\).
- 6.
Larger values are limited by the finite grid size of the utilized numerical method.
- 7.
We thank C. Greene from Purdue University and Y. Wang from Kansas State University for performing these and all the following calculations with Lennard-Jones potentials for us.
- 8.
We use the fitted absolute rates for the different data sets \(\gamma ^{(a)}_{120} =2.26\), \( \gamma ^{(b)}_{120}=1.44 \), \( \gamma _{450} =0.73\) so that the LJ and zero-range models can be directly compared. See Sect. 3.4.4.
- 9.
The recording of a single three-body recombination spectrum can take a few days of continuous operation.
- 10.
Even more provocative and pictorial comparison, although not strictly correct, is a continuous transition from a two-body into a three-body bound state.
- 11.
We thank C. Greene for suggesting this idea to us.
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Ulmanis, J. (2017). Finite-Range Effects in Li-Cs-Cs Efimov Resonances. In: Heteronuclear Efimov Scenario in Ultracold Quantum Gases. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51862-6_4
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