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The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party pp 199–226Cite as

Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 60))

Abstract

The vast majority of children learn language despite the fact that they must do so in noisy environments. This chapter addresses the question of how children separate informative sounds from competing sounds and the limitations imposed on such auditory scene analysis by an immature auditory nervous system. Immature representation of auditory-visual synchrony, and possibly immature binaural processing, may limit the extent to which even school-age listeners can use those sources of information to parse the auditory scene. In contrast, infants have a relatively mature representation of sound spectrum, periodicity, and temporal modulation. Although infants and children are able to use these acoustic cues in auditory scene analysis, they are less efficient than adults at doing so. This lack of efficiency may stem from limitations of the mechanisms specifically involved in auditory scene analysis. However, the development of selective attention also makes an important contribution to the development of auditory scene analysis.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A mismatch response is the difference between the response to a sound when it is presented frequently and the response to the same sound when it is the “oddball” in a sound sequence. In adults, the difference waveform is referred to as the mismatch negativity (MMN). However, the polarity of the response is positive in young infants, and many authors refer to the difference waveform as the mismatch response (MMR) when it is recorded in young infants. For simplicity, this response is referred to as the MMR throughout this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, 1417 N.E. 42nd Street Seattle, Washington, 98105-6246, USA

    Lynne Werner

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  1. University of California at Irvine Department of Otolaryngology, Irvine, California, USA

    John C. Middlebrooks

  2. University of Maryland Dept Electrical and Computer Engineering, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Jonathan Z. Simon

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Werner, L. (2017). Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party. In: Middlebrooks, J., Simon, J., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 60. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51662-2_8

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