Abstract
An increase on energy demands in our today’s life going forward to the future has forced us to look into alternative production of energy in a clean way, along the nuclear fission and fossil fuel way of producing energy. Scientists are suggesting controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction as an alternative way of generating energy, either via magnetic confinement or inertial confinement of plasma to generate heat for producing steam and as a result electricity to meet such increase on energy demand. Each of these approaches has their own technical and scientific challenges, which scientists need to overcome. This chapter talks about way of confining plasma and the systems of the confinement, which are able to impose a controlled way of thermonuclear fusion reaction for this purpose.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
J.D. Lawson, Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor. Proc. Phys. Soc. 70, 6 (1957)
U.S. Inan, M. Golkowski, Principles of Plasma Physics for Engineers and Scientists (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011)
F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 3rd edn. (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015)
J. Raeder, K. Borrass, R. Bunde, W. Danner, R. Klingelhӧfer, L. Lengyel, F. Leuterer, M. Soll, Controlled Nuclear Fusion, Fundamentals of its Utilization for Energy Supply (Wiley, Chichester, 1986)
S. Glasstone, R. Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions (D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, 1960)
M. Rosenbluth, USAE Report LA-2030 (1956)
Levine, USAE Report TID-7503 (1955), p. 195
R.J. Taylor, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) B70(31), 1049 (1957)
V.D. Shafranov, J. Nucl. Energy 5, 86 (1957)
S. Glasstone, Controlled Nuclear Fusion (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Office of Information Services, 1974)
O.A. Anderson, W.R. Baker, S.A. Colgate, H.P. Furth, J. Ise, R.V. Pyle, R.E. Wright, Phys. Rev. 110, 1375 (1958)
M. Rosenbluth, R. Grawin, A. Rosenbluth, USAE Report LA-1850 (1954)
M. Rosenbluth, in Magnetohydrodynamics, ed. by K.M. Landshoff (Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1957), p. 57
R.L. Hagenson, A toroidal fusion reactor design based on the reversed-field pinch, PhD dissertation, 1978
M.D. Kruskal, Large-scale instability in the stellarator, USAEC Rept. NYO-6045, 1954
V.D. Shafranov, The stability of a cylindrical gaseous conductor in a magnetic field. Atonnaiia Energiia (English Translation) 1, 709–713 (1956)
L.A. Artsimovich, Tokamak devices. Nucl. Fusion 12, 215–252 (1972)
S.O. Dean, Chairman, Status and objectives of tokamak systems for fusion research, USAEC Rept. WASH-1295, 1973
H. Toyaxna et al., Experiments en noncircular Tokamak and related topics, in Sixth International Conference en Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Berchtesgaden, West Germany, vol. 6, IAEA-CN-35/A10-4 (1976)
H.A.B. Bodin, Reversed field pinches, in Third Topical Conference on Pulsed High Beta Plasmas, Culham, United Kingdom, vol. 3 (1975), pp. 39–57
D.A. Baker, R.L. Hagenson, R.A. Krakowski, K.I. Thomason, Summary of the reversed-field Z-pinch concept, USERDA Rept. LA-UR-77-459, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1977
D.A. Baker, J.N. DiMarco, The LASL Reversed-Field Pinch Program Plan, USERDA Rept. LA-6177-MS, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1975
M.D. Kruskal, M. Schwarzschild, Sane instabilities of a completely ionized plasma. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A223, 348–360 (1954)
R.J. Taylor, Hydromagnetic instabilities of an ideally conducting fluid. Phys. Soc. 570, 31–48 (1957)
M.N. Rosenbluth, Stability of the Pinch, USAEC Rept. IÀ-2030, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1956
V.D. Shafranov, On the stability of a cylindrical gaseous conductor in a magnetic field. J. Nucl Energy 5, 86–91 (1957)
R.J. Taylor, The stability of a constricted gas discharge, in Proceedings of the Second United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, vol. 2(31) (1958), pp. 160–170
M. Kruskal, J.L. Tuck, The instability of a pinched fluid with a longitudinal magnetic field. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A245, 222–237 (1958)
R.B. Suydam, Stability of a linear pinch, in Proceedings of the Second United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, vol. 2(31) (1958), pp. 157–159
W.A. Newcomb, Hydromagnetic stability of a diffuse linear pinch. Ann. Phys. 10, 232–267 (1960)
H.P. Furth, Sufficient conditions for hydromagnetic stability of a diffuse linear pinch. Phys. Fluids 3, 977–981 (1960)
B.R. Suydam, Stability of a linear pinch, Part II, USAEC Rept. LAMS-2381, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1960
D.A. Baker, L.W. Mann, Progress Report of the LASL Controlled Thermonuclear Research Program, USERDA Rept. IÀ-5656-ER, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1974
D.A. Baker et al., Z-pinch experiments with shock heating. in Proceedings of the IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Madison, WI, vol. 4(1) (1971), pp. 203–216
D.C. Robinson, High-g diffuse pinch configurations. Plasma Phys. 13, 439–462 (1971)
C. Mercier, A necessary criteria of hydromagnetic stability for a plasma with symmetry of revolution. Nucl. Fusion 1, 47–53 (1960)
D.A. Baker, L.W. Mann, MHD studies of numerically obtained toroidal equilibrium, in Proceedings of the Second Topical Conference on Pulsed High Beta Plasmas, Munich, West Germany, vol. 2 (1972), pp. 69–72
D.A. Haberstich et al., Stability and diffusion of the ZT-I reversed field pinch, in Third Topical Conference on Pulsed High Beta Plasmas, Culham, England, vol. 3 (1975), pp. 249–253
J.E. Crow, J. Kileen, D.C. Robinson, Resistive instabilities in diffuse pinches, in Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Moscow USSR, vol. 6(1) (1973), pp. 269–272
J.A. Diabiase, Numerical studies of resistive instabilities in diffuse pinches, UâZZCA Rept. UCRL-51591, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 1974
E.P. Butt et al. Confinement and stability of high beta plasma in a reversed field pinch, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Tokyo, Japan, vol. 5(3) (1974) pp. 417–429
L. Turner, Vlasov-fluid theory of short wavelength instabilities of a sharp-boundary screw pinch. Phys. Fluids 20(4), 662–674 (1977)
J.B. Taylor, Relaxation of toroidal plasma and generation of reverse magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 33(19), 1139–1141 (1974)
S. Ortolani, G. Rostagni, Reverse field configurations with minimum potential energy, in Third Topical Conference on Pulsed High Beta Plasmas, Culham, UK, vol. 3 (1975), pp. 335–339
D.A. Baker, J.A. Phillips, Pressure-balance limitations in Z-pinches with diffusion heating. Phys. Rev. Lett. 32(5), 202–205 (1974)
A.G. Sgro, C.W. Nielson, Hybrid model studies of magnetic field diffusion in high-Z-pinches, in Third Topical Conference on Pulsed High Beta Plasmas, Culham, UK, vol. 3 (1975), pp. 329–334
R.A. Krakowski, R.L. Hagenson, G.E. Cort, First wall thermal-mechanical analyses of the reference theta-pinch reactor. Nucl. Technol. 34(2), 217–241 (1976)
R.A. Krakowski et al., CTR-DOT quarterly report for the period July 1–September 30, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1976
K.I. Thamassen et al., Conceptual engineering design of a one-GJ fast discharging honopolar machine for the reference theta-pinch fusion reactor, EPRI ER-246, Project 469, Electric Power Research Institute, 1976
J.P. Freidberg, Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007)
A.C. Kolb, C.B. Dobbie, H.R. Griem, Field mixing and associated neutron production in a plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 3(1), 5–7 (1959)
M. Tuszewski, Field reversed configurations. Nucl. Fusion 28(11), 2033 (1988)
K.F. McKenna, W.T. Armstrong, D.C. Barnes, R.R. Bartsch, R.E. Chrien, J.C. Cochrane, P.L. Klingner, W.W. Hugrass, R.K. Linford, D.J. Rej, J.L. Schwarzmeier, E.G. Sherwood, R.E. Siemon, R.L. Spencer, M. Tuszewski, Field-reversed configuration research at Los Alamos. Nucl. Fusion 25(9), 1317 (1985)
A.L. Hoffman, L.L. Carey, E.A. Crawford, D.G. Harding, T.E. DeHart, K.F. McDonald, J.L. McNeil, R.D. Milroy, J.T. Slough, R. Maqueda, G.A. Wurden, The large-s field-reversed configuration experiment. Fusion Sci Technol. 23(2), 185–207 (1993)
D. Kirtley, D.L. Brown, A.D. Gallimore, J. Haas, Details on an AFRL field reversed configuration plasma device, Technical report, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2005
W.S. Harris, E. Trask, T. Roche, E.P. Garate, W.W. Heidbrink, R. McWilliams, Ion flow measurements and plasma current analysis in the Irvine Field Reversed Configuration. Phys. Plasmas 16(11), 12509 (2009)
Y. Poddar, Can Startups Make Nuclear Fusion Possible? (Stanford University, Stanford, 2014)
J. Slough, A. Pancoth, D. Kirtley, G. Votrobek, Electromagnetically Driven Fusion Propulsion, IEPC-2013.372
D. Chandler, MIT tests unique approach to fusion power. MIT News, MIT News Office, March 19, 2008. Accessed March 2008
J. Kesner, A. Boxer, J. Ellsworth, I. Karim, Overview of LDX results. Presented at the APS Meeting, Philadelphia, November 2, 2006, Paper VP1.00020
LDX funding canceled. Archived from the origi nal on 2013-01-17. Retrieved June 27, 2012
N. Krall, Stabilization of hot electron plasma by a cold background. Phys. Fluids 9, 820 (1966)
M.E. Mauel, J. Kesner, Fusion Technologies for Tritium-Suppressed D-D Fusion. White Paper prepared for FESAC Materials Science Subcommittee, December 19, 2011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zohuri, B. (2017). Confinement Systems for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion. In: Magnetic Confinement Fusion Driven Thermonuclear Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51177-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51177-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51176-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51177-1
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)