Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Evaluation of Thermodynamic Interactions Between Tellurium and Various Elements in Molten Iron

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

Abstract

Tellurium has mainly been used as an alloying element for resulfurized free-machining steel. It globularizes MnS inclusions and improves both machinability and mechanical properties of such steel. This effect is quite sensitive to tellurium concentration. Therefore, its incorporation should be controlled accurately during the secondary refining process, using the thermodynamic properties of tellurium in molten iron . In the present study, Wagner’s interaction parameters of various elements on tellurium were experimentally evaluated by vapor-liquid equilibration, and the vapor pressure of tellurium was controlled using the transpiration method. The values obtained were compared with those of oxygen and sulfur, and they were found to be correlated with the standard Gibbs energy of formation of the corresponding oxides, sulfides, and tellurides. The results indicate that the relations described here could provide estimates of interaction parameters that have not been experimentally determined thus far by using available thermodynamic quantities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. H. Yaguchi, N. Onodera, The effect of tellurium on the machinability of AISI 12L14+ Te steel. Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Japan 28, 1051–1059 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Katoh et al., A study on resulfurized free-machining steel containing a small amount of Tellurium. DENKI-SEIKO 53, 195–202 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Ipser, Vapor pressure methods: a source of experimental thermodynamic data. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 102, 1217–1224 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Ashino, K. Takada, K. Hirokawa, Determination of trace amounts of selenium and tellurium in high-purity iron by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after reductive coprecipitation with palladium using ascorbic acid. Anal. Chim. Acta. 297, 443–451 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ueda, K. Morita, An empirical equation for interaction parameters of oxygen and sulfur in molten iron. 170st ISIJ Meeting, Fukuoka, Japan, 2015, 646

    Google Scholar 

  6. K.T. Jacob, C.B. Alcock, Quasi chemical equations for oxygen and sulphur in liquid binary alloys. Acta. Metall. 20, 221–232 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Waseda, S. Tamaki, The structures of 3D-transition metals in the liquid state. Philos. Mag. 32, 273–281 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. JSPS, 19th Committee of Steelmaking, ed., Recommended equilibrium values for steelmaking processes, 1984, 254

    Google Scholar 

  9. C.W. Bale et al., FactSage thermochemical software and databases. Calphad 26, 189–228 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C.W. Bale et al., FactSage thermochemical software and databases—recent developments. Calphad 33, 295–311 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C.W. Bale et al., Reprint of: FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016. Calphad (2016). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2016.07.004

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Hino, K. Ito (eds.), Thermodynamic data for steelmaking (Tohoku University Press, Sendai, Japan, 2010), pp. 259–264

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Ueda, K. Morita, Measurement of thermodynamic properties of tellurium in iron-based molten alloy using the transpiration method, Asia Steel International Conference 2015, Yokohama, Japan, 2015, 42–43

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Ueno, Y. Waseda, Interaction parameters in multi-component metallic solutions by the hard sphere model. J. Japan Inst. Met. Mat. 50, 788–796 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    S. Ueda, Y. Matsuki & K. Morita

Authors
  1. S. Ueda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. Matsuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Morita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Ueda .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper , Magna, Utah, USA

    Shijie Wang

  2. University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    Michael L Free

  3. The University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Shafiq Alam

  4. ArcelorMittal Global R&D , Schereville, Indiana, USA

    Mingming Zhang

  5. Colorado School of Mines, George S. Ansell Chair Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

    Patrick R. Taylor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ueda, S., Matsuki, Y., Morita, K. (2017). Experimental Evaluation of Thermodynamic Interactions Between Tellurium and Various Elements in Molten Iron. In: Wang, S., Free, M., Alam, S., Zhang, M., Taylor, P. (eds) Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51091-0_47

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation