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Circulating Tumour Cells in Primary Disease: The Seed for Metastasis

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Liquid Biopsies in Solid Tumors

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

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Abstract

Metastatic dissemination is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. Traditionally, dissemination has been considered a late event; however it has been suggested that at least in some tumours, cells might leave the primary lesion early in its development. To escape from the primary, tumour cells undergo total or partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), become able to unmoor from surrounding epithelial cells and reach the bloodstream. Alone or in groups (clusters), these circulating tumour cells will use their phenotypical flexibility, including properties associated with EMT, stemness, resistance to anoikis and dormancy to survive in the bloodstream, reach, invade and colonise distant organs. In recent years, these cells, which can be detected in the blood or in the bone marrow in the early disease setting, have been studied as prognostic markers as well as a potential source of dynamic information regarding tumour characteristics to guide treatment decisions. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the clinical utility of circulating tumour cells.

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  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, Brussels, 1000, Belgium

    Noam Falbel Pondé & Michail Ignatiadis

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  1. Noam Falbel Pondé
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  2. Michail Ignatiadis
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  1. Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Massimo Cristofanilli

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Pondé, N.F., Ignatiadis, M. (2017). Circulating Tumour Cells in Primary Disease: The Seed for Metastasis. In: Cristofanilli, M. (eds) Liquid Biopsies in Solid Tumors. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50956-3_2

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