Abstract
Today, the most fundamental models to describe the physical structure and dynamics of nature are based on quantum field theories. The collection of three quantum field theories: (1) quantum electrodynamics (QED), describing the electromagnetic interaction, (2) quantum flavordynamics (QFD), describing the weak interaction and (3) quantum chromodynamics (QCD), describing the strong interaction, are called the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The elementary assumption of local gauge invariance of these quantum field theories stimulated the development of the so-called Higgs mechanism in the 1960s, which explains the generation of all particle masses via spontaneous symmetry breaking [1,2,3].
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Notes
- 1.
The 19 input parameters of the SM include the particle masses for the electron, muon, tau and the six quarks, the three CKM mixing angles, the CKM cp-violating phase, the gauge coupling constants of the electric, the weak and the strong force, the QCD vacuum angle, the Higgs vacuum expectation value and the Higgs mass.
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Köhler-Langes, F. (2017). Introduction. In: The Electron Mass and Calcium Isotope Shifts. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50877-1_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50877-1_1
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