Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: An Emerging Phytotechnology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

The metallic particles whose size ranges between 1 and 100 nm in any one of the dimensions are termed as nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles pose a great interest to chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers for the development of new generation nanodevices, electronics, catalysis, chemistry, energy, and medicine. “Green synthesis” refers to the use of green material (i.e., plants) for the synthesis of any material. Nanoparticles can be synthesized by various ways, viz., laser ablation, gamma irradiation, electron irradiation, chemical reduction, photochemical methods, and microwave processing, which however produce hazardous chemicals as by-product. Green synthesis of NPs is presently becoming popular due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective approach with no use of any toxic chemicals. At the same time, synthesis of NPs through biological methods is not as easy and lots of open challenges are there. Green synthesis of NPs involves the use of water in closed reactors, which is a nontoxic solvent, and applies green techniques like ultrasound and microwave. The reagents used for the synthesis of NPs also include natural compounds such as sugars, vitamins, biodegradable compounds, and microbes. Among these reagents, plant-based materials are the most suitable candidates for large-scale synthesis of NPs. Several plants and their compounds are being used for green synthesis of NPs. This chapter focuses on the range of plants being used for various NP biosynthesis and also gives a view of various applications of NPs in diverse fields.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahamed M, Khan MM, Siddiqui MKJ, AlSalhi MS, Alrokayan SA (2011) Green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles. Physica E Low-dimensional Syst Nanostruct 43(6):1266–1271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar MS, Panwar J, Yun YS (2013) Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by plant extracts. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 1(6):591–602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ankanna S, TNVKV P, Elumalai EK, Savithramma N (2010) Production of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Boswelliaovalifoliolata stem bark. Dig J Nanomater Biostruct 5(2):369–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Awwad AM, Albiss BA, Salem NM (2015) Antibacterial activity of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Malvasylvestris leaf extract. SMU Med J 2:91–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar H, Bhui DK, Sahoo GP, Sarkar P, De SP, Misra A (2009) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex of Jatropha curcas. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 339(1):134–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao G, Brinker CJ (2008) Annual review of nano research: Volume 2 (Vol. 2). World Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro L, Blázquez ML, Muñoz JA, González F, García-Balboa C, Ballester A (2011) Biosynthesis of gold nanowires using sugar beet pulp. Process Biochem 46(5):1076–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Zhang L, Qiu T, Cao W (2011) Chemiluminescent detection of DNA hybridization based on signal DNA probe modified with gold and cobalt nanoparticles. Int J Electrochem Sci 6:5325–5336

    Google Scholar 

  • de Matos RA, da Silva CT, Samad RE, Vieira ND, Courrol LC (2011) Green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia milii latex. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 389(1):134–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De M, Ghosh PS, Rotello VM (2008) Applications of nanoparticles in biology. Adv Mater 20(22):4225–4241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng ZJ, Liang M, Toth I, Monteiro M, Minchin RF (2012) Plasma protein binding of positively and negatively charged polymer-coated gold nanoparticles elicits different biological responses. Nanotoxicology 7(3):314–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey M, Bhadauria S, Kushwah BS (2009) Green synthesis of nanosilver particles from extract of Eucalyptus hybrida (safeda) leaf. Dig J Nanomater Biostruct 4(3):537–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey SP, Lahtinen M, Särkkä H, Sillanpää M (2010) Bioprospective of Sorbusaucuparia leaf extract in development of silver and gold nanocolloids. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 80(1):26–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emeje MO, Akpabio EI, Obidike IC, Ofoefule SI (2012) Nanotechnology in drug delivery. INTECH Open Access Publisher

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangula A, Podila R, Karanam L, Janardhana C, Rao AM (2011) Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using biogenic gold and silver nanoparticles derived from Breyniarhamnoides. Langmuir 27(24):15268–15274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardea-Torresdey JL, Parsons JG, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Troiani HE, Santiago P, Yacaman MJ (2002) Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants. Nano Lett 2(4):397–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ge C, Du J, Zhao L, Wang L, Liu Y, Li D, Yang Y, Zhou R, Zhao Y, Chai Z, Chen C (2011) Binding of blood proteins to carbon nanotubes reduces cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(41):16968–16973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gogoi SJ (2013) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves extract of ethnomedicinal plants-Pogostemonbenghalensis (B) O., Ktz

    Google Scholar 

  • Gondwal M, Pant GJN (2013) Biological evaluation and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Calotropisprocera. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 4(4):635–643

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath V, MubarakAli D, Priyadarshini S, Priyadharsshini NM, Thajuddin N, Velusamy P (2012) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Tribulusterrestris and its antimicrobial activity: a novel biological approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 96:69–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govindaraju K, Krishnamoorthy K, Alsagaby SA, Singaravelu G, Premanathan M (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for selective toxicity towards cancer cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 9(6):325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham LM, Nguyen TM, Lee SB (2011) Nanodetoxification: emerging role of nanomaterials in drug intoxication treatment. Nanomedicine 6(5):921–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris AT, Bali R (2008) On the formation and extent of uptake of silver nanoparticles by live plants. J Nanopart Res 10(4):691–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haverkamp RG, Marshall AT (2009) The mechanism of metal nanoparticle formation in plants: limits on accumulation. J Nanopart Res 11(6):1453–1463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem 13(10):2638–2650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayakumarai G, Gokulpriya C, Sudhapriya R, Sharmila G, Muthukumaran C (2015) Phytofabrication and characterization of monodisperse copper oxide nanoparticles using Albizialebbeck leaf extract. Appl Nanosci 5(8):1017–1021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kant Awasthi K, Awasthi A, Bhoot N, John PJ, Sharma SK, Awasthi K (2013) Antimicrobial properties of electro-chemically stabilized organo-metallic thin films. Adv Electrochem 1(1):42–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kathiravan V, Ravi S, Ashokkumar S (2014) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Melia dubia leaf extract and their in vitro anticancer activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 130:116–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, Viswanathan B, Muthumary J, Srinivasan K (2011) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 79(3):594–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharissova OV, Dias HR, Kharisov BI, Pérez BO, Pérez VMJ (2013) The greener synthesis of nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 31(4):240–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kora AJ, Sashidhar RB, Arunachalam J (2012) Aqueous extract of gum olibanum (Boswelliaserrata): a reductant and stabilizer for the biosynthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Process Biochem 47(10):1516–1520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Rajasekar S, Selvakumar P, Kalaichelvan PT, Mohan N (2010) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalyphaindica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 76(1):50–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni N, Muddapur U (2014) Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles: a review. J Nanotechnol 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar ST, Rahuman AA, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Bagavan A, Jayaseelan C, Zahir AA, Elango G, Kamaraj C (2011) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res 108(3):693–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar AS, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Velmurugan S (2015) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using A. indicum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 134:34–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar PV, Pammi SVN, Kollu P, Satyanarayana KVV, Shameem U (2014) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Boerhaaviadiffusa plant extract and their anti bacterial activity. Ind Crops Prod 52:562–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar PV, Shameem U, Kollu P, Kalyani RL, Pammi SVN (2015) Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using aloe vera leaf extract and its antibacterial activity against fish bacterial pathogens. BioNano Sci 5(3):135–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L (2016) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lantana camara flower extract and its application. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 78(2):285–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumarasamyraja D, Jeganathan NS (2013) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Acalyphaindica and its antimicrobial activity

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavi M, Namvar F, Ahmad MB, Mohamad R (2013) Green biosynthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using seaweed (Sargassummuticum) aqueous extract. Molecules 18(5):5954–5964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maiorano G, Sabella S, Sorce B, Brunetti V, Malvindi MA, Cingolani R, Pompa PP (2010) Effects of cell culture media on the dynamic formation of protein− nanoparticle complexes and influence on the cellular response. ACS Nano 4(12):7481–7491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mallikarjuna K, Narasimha G, Dillip GR, Praveen B, Shreedhar B, Lakshmi CS, Reddy BVS, Raju BDP (2011) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum leaf extract and their characterization. Digest J Nanomater Biostruct 6(1):181–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchiol L, Mattiello A, Pošćić F, Giordano C, Musetti R (2014) In vivo synthesis of nanomaterials in plants: location of silver nanoparticles and plant metabolism. Nanoscale Res Lett 9(1):1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mariselvam R, Ranjitsingh AJA, Nanthini AUR, Kalirajan K, Padmalatha C, Selvakumar PM (2014) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the extract of the inflorescence of Cocos nucifera (Family: Arecaceae) for enhanced antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 129:537–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittal AK, Kaler A, Banerjee UC (2012) Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from flower extract of rhododendron dauricum. Nano Biomed Eng 4(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittal AK, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC (2013) Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnol Adv 31(2):346–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal S, Roy N, Laskar RA, Sk I, Basu S, Mandal D, Begum NA (2011) Biogenic synthesis of Ag, Au and bimetallic Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles using aqueous extract of mahogany (Swieteniamahogani JACQ.) leaves. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 82(2):497–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mu Q, Li Z, Li X, Mishra SR, Zhang B, Si Z, Yang L, Jiang W, Yan B (2009) Characterization of protein clusters of diverse magnetic nanoparticles and their dynamic interactions with human cells. J Phys Chem C 113(14):5390–5395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murgueitio E, Debut A, Landivar J, Cumbal L (2016) Synthesis of iron nanoparticles using extracts of native fruits of ecuador, as Capuli (Prunusserotina) and Mortiño (Vacciniumfloribundum). Biol Med 2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabikhan A, Kandasamy K, Raj A, Alikunhi NM (2010) Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuviumportulacastrum L. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 79(2):488–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagarajan S, Kuppusamy KA (2013) Extracellular synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using seaweeds of gulf of Mannar, India. J Nanobiotech 11(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Naika HR, Lingaraju K, Manjunath K, Kumar D, Nagaraju G, Suresh D, Nagabhushana H (2015) Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Gloriosasuperba L. extract and their antibacterial activity. J Taibah Univ Sci 9(1):7–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakkala JR, Mata R, Gupta AK, Sadras SR (2014) Biological activities of green silver nanoparticles synthesized with Acorouscalamus rhizome extract. Eur J Med Chem 85:784–794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan KB, Park HH (2014) Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using turnip leaf extract (Brassica rapa L.) against wood rotting pathogens. Eur J Plant Pathol 140(2):185–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nethravathi PC, Kumar MP, Suresh D, Lingaraju K, Rajanaika H, Nagabhushana H, Sharma SC (2015) Tinosporacordifolia mediated facile green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Mater Sci Semicond Process 33:81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen LH, Annabi N, Nikkhah M, Bae H, Binan L, Park S, Kang Y, Yang Y, Khademhosseini A (2012) Vascularized bone tissue engineering: approaches for potential improvement. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 18(5):363–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitta SK, Numata K (2013) Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 14(1):1629–1654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardha-Saradhi P, Yamal G, Peddisetty T, Sharmila P, Singh J, Nagarajan R, Rao KS (2014) Root system of live plants is a powerful resource for the green synthesis of Au-nanoparticles. RSC Adv 4(14):7361–7367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad PN (2004) Introduction to biophotonics. Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad TNVKV, Elumalai EK (2011) Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Moringaoleifera leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed 1(6):439–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad KS, Selvaraj K (2014) Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their effect on As (III)-induced toxicity on human lymphocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 157(3):275–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi L, Arunachalam J (2011) Sunlight based irradiation strategy for rapid green synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles using aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract and their antibacterial potential. Mater Chem Phys 129(1):558–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reis CP, Neufeld RJ, Ribeiro AJ, Veiga F (2006) Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2(1):8–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez E, Parsons JG, Peralta-Videa JR, Cruz-Jimenez G, Romero-Gonzalez J, Sanchez-Salcido BE, Saupe GB, Duarte-Gardea M, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2007) Potential of Chilopsislinearis for gold phytomining: using XAS to determine gold reduction and nanoparticle formation within plant tissues. Int J Phytoremediation 9(2):133–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rout ANANDINI, Jena PK, Parida UK, Bindhani BK (2013) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Centellaasiatica L. For studies against human pathogens. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 4(4):661–674

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupiasih NN, Aher A, Gosavi S, Vidyasagar PB (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex extract of Thevetiaperuviana: a novel approach towards poisonous plant utilization. In Recent trends in physics of material science and technology. Springer, Singapore. p 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi B, Gholamhoseinpoor F (2015) A study on the stability and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ziziphoratenuior (Zt) extract at room temperature. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 134:310–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi B, Rostami A, Momeni SS (2015) Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed aqueous extract of Pistaciaatlantica and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spect 134:326–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shabanzadeh P, Yusof R, Shameli K (2015) Modeling of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in Vitexnegundo L. extract by artificial neural network. RSC Adv 5(106):87277–87285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma JK, Akhtar MS, Ameen S, Srivastava P, Singh G (2015) Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles with leaf extract of Calotropisgigantea and its dye-sensitized solar cells applications. J Alloys Compd 632:321–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shende S, Ingle AP, Gade A, Rai M (2015) Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by Citrus medica Linn. (Idilimbu) juice and its antimicrobial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31(6):865–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheny DS, Mathew J, Philip D (2011) Phytosynthesis of Au, Ag and Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using aqueous extract and dried leaf of Anacardiumoccidentale. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 79(1):254–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheny DS, Mathew J, Philip D (2012) Synthesis characterization and catalytic action of hexagonal gold nanoparticles using essential oils extracted from Anacardiumoccidentale. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 97:306–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Gautam N, Mishra A, Gupta R (2011) Heavy metals and living systems: an overview. Ind J Pharmacol 43(3):246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaraj R, Rahman PK, Rajiv P, Salam HA, Venckatesh R (2014) Biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis using Tabernaemontana divaricate leaf extract and its antibacterial activity against urinary tract pathogen. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 133:178–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B (2004) Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 275(1):177–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suman TY, Rajasree SR, Ramkumar R, Rajthilak C, Perumal P (2014) The Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using an aqueous root extract of Morindacitrifolia L. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 118:11–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Q, Cai X, Li J, Zheng M, Chen Z, Yu CP (2014) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tea leaf extract and evaluation of their stability and antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 444:226–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundrarajan M, Gowri S (2011) Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by Nyctanthesarbor-tristis leaves extract. Chalcogenide Lett 8(8):447–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahir K, Nazir S, Li B, Khan AU, Khan ZUH, Ahmad A, Khan FU (2015) An efficient photo catalytic activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Salvadorapersica stem extract. Sep Purif Technol 150:316–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulug B, Turkdemir MH, Cicek A, Mete A (2015) Role of irradiation in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by fig (Ficuscarica) leaf extract. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 135:153–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesham M, Ayodhya D, Madhusudhan A, Veerabhadram G (2012) Synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using Gum Acacia as reducing and stabilizing agent and study of its microbial properties: a Novel Green approach. Int J Green Nanotechnol 4(3):199–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidya C, Hiremath S, Chandraprabha MN, Antonyraj I, Gopal V, Jai A, Bansal K (2013) Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Calotropisgigantea. Int J Curr Engl Technol 1:118–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijayaraghavan K, Nalini SK, Prakash NU, Madhankumar D (2012) One step green synthesis of silver nano/microparticles using extracts of Trachyspermumammi and Papaver somniferum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 94:114–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinod VTP, Saravanan P, Sreedhar B, Devi DK, Sashidhar RB (2011) A facile synthesis and characterization of Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles using a natural hydrocolloid gum kondagogu (Cochlospermumgossypium). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 83(2):291–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Li Q, Wang H, Huang J, Lin L, Wang W, Sun D, Su Y, Opiyo JB, Hong L, Wang Y (2010) Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using broth of Cinnamomumcamphora leaf. J Nanopart Res 12(5):1589–1598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon TJ, Yu KN, Kim E, Kim JS, Kim BG, Yun SH, Sohn BH, Cho MH, Lee JK, Park SB (2006) Specific targeting, cell sorting, and bioimaging with smart magnetic silica core–shell nanomaterials. Small 2(2):209–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahavy E, Ber R, Gur D, Abramovich H, Freeman E, Maoz S, Yitzhaki S (2012) Application of nanoparticles for the detection and sorting of pathogenic bacteria by flow-cytometry. In Nano-biotechnology for biomedical and diagnostic research. Springer, The Netherlands. p 23–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Zargar M, Hamid AA, Bakar FA, Shamsudin MN, Shameli K, Jahanshiri F, Farahani F (2011) Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Vitexnegundo L. Molecules 16(8):6667–6676

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Botany Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow and Director, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow for the facilities and for the financial support. GA is thankful to SERB DST, Govt. of India for the financial assistance in the form of N-PDF. A. Kumar is thankful to DSKPDF Cell, Pune, India, and University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India, for the award of the D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India

    Garima Awasthi, Amit Kumar, Poornima Vajpayee & Kumkum Mishra

  2. National Institute of Animal Welfare, MoEF& CC, Ballabhgarh, 121004, Haryana, India

    Kumud Kant Awasthi

  3. CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Amit Pal Singh & Rudra Deo Tripathi

  4. Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University’, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Sudhakar Srivastva

Authors
  1. Garima Awasthi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amit Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kumud Kant Awasthi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amit Pal Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sudhakar Srivastva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Poornima Vajpayee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kumkum Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rudra Deo Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amit Kumar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmnetal Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Ritu Singh

  2. School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Awasthi, G. et al. (2017). Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: An Emerging Phytotechnology. In: Singh, R., Kumar, S. (eds) Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50653-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50654-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation