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A Review and Perspective of Constructed Wetlands as a Green Technology in Decentralization Practices

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Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) could be an environmentally acceptable option in treating domestic sewage. But, the successful implementation of this technology in decentralization practices is still under debate. Increasing the knowledge regarding the use of CWs in coastal regions where domestic sewage seriously stressed with total dissolved solids (TDS) and cold weather conditions is additionally imperative. A comprehensive review is therefore needed to have a better understanding of this state-of-the-art technology to inspire a sustainable solution for onsite sanitation. This chapter covers the role of plants, media materials, microorganisms, and oxygen transfer in domestic wastewater purification through constructed wetlands (CWs). The pros and cons, operational design variables, and effectiveness of traditional and recently developed CWs, and the necessity of an induced biofilm attachment surface (BAS) in these systems for the treatment of domestic sewage are presented. This chapter also elucidates the ability of CWs to deal with TDS-contaminated wastewater. Adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of cold climate on the effectiveness of CWs are also summarized. Future research that needs for enhancing stability and sustainability of wetland systems is highlighted. Overall, by more advanced investigation, the biofilm attachment surface (BAS) CWs can be specified as an ideal treatment process in decentralization. The success of CWs responding to environmental stress can occur by optimum engineering design and operation.

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Acknowledgement

This work is an updated version of the original review publication by the Authors (Valipour A, Ahn Y.-H., Environ Sci Pollut Res 23: 180–197, published by Springer international Publishing, AG, 2016). This manuscript was prepared under the permission to use the materials from the publisher. This study was supported by the 2015 Yeungnam University Research Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea

    Alireza Valipour & Young-Ho Ahn

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  1. Alireza Valipour
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  2. Young-Ho Ahn
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Correspondence to Young-Ho Ahn .

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  1. Department of Environmnetal Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Ritu Singh

  2. School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

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Valipour, A., Ahn, YH. (2017). A Review and Perspective of Constructed Wetlands as a Green Technology in Decentralization Practices. In: Singh, R., Kumar, S. (eds) Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_1

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