Abstract
In retrospect, the government intervention in business ecosystem of Iran has a long history. Oddly enough the dimensions of such intervention are more conspicuous after the approval of the first Constitution in 1906. Nonetheless, it is essential to point out that the strict regulations imposed by the government were partially eased and, at later stages, new concepts in the business world were shaped. This trend greatly contributed to the emergence of entrepreneurship in Iran which goes back to 15 years ago when an Entrepreneurship Development Program at Universities was approved for the first time in this country. Furthermore, the research tries to answer questions about the meanings of entrepreneurship from viewpoints of Iranian policymakers, the actions taken concerning entrepreneurship by government, the key effective factors influencing the policymaking process and finally finding the most prerequisites for effective entrepreneurship policy in Iran. These questions were answered in the wake of studying the relevant National Development Plans (NDPs), and reliable documents which have been recorded by accredited centers also the information gathered through interviews and questionnaires.
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Notes
- 1.
It is assumed to be foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Iran.
- 2.
The topic of this thesis was “Designing a model for developing entrepreneurial managers in Iran industry” and its supervisor was Dr. Ali Rezaeian.
- 3.
This word can be translated into English with “value-creation” term in Farsi language.
- 4.
Dr. Ahmadpour Daryani about his important references of his thesis referred to one paper: “Fry, F. L. (1993). Entrepreneurship: A Planning Approach. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN: West Publishing” and Farsi translation of one book: “Meredith, G. G., Nelson, R. E. & Neck., P. A., (1982) the practice of entrepreneurship. Geneva: International Labour Office”.
- 5.
I.e. unemployment.
- 6.
The Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology.
- 7.
Attachment 1: Complementary information about Bylaw of KARAD plan and 3th–5th Development plans concerning entrepreneurship.
- 8.
Third development plan practically finished at the end of year 2005, with one year delay.
- 9.
Faculty of Entrepreneurship at University of Tehran.
- 10.
Articles 69–80.
- 11.
Detailed Negotiation of Iranian Parliament.
- 12.
This period considered from Third to Fifth Development Plans (2000–2014). Between 1996 and 2000, the word of entrepreneurship has been cited just 15 times in Iranian parliament and before this date we could not find any trace of this word in parliament.
- 13.
The Persian language has never had a single word that could encompass the full meaning of “entrepreneur” word and most of the Iranian entrepreneurship experts believe a significant misunderstanding is prevalent among policymakers about this word (Keyhani and Jafari-Moghadam 2008).
- 14.
An outstanding example of this intervention is supportive role of Dr. Jahromi as the Minister of Labour to running the first faculty of entrepreneurship of Iran in 2006 (Keyhani and Jafari-Moghadam 2008).
- 15.
This term has applied to refer to “informal economic sectors in Iran” by Clifford Geertz.
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Acknowledgements
First of all, I would like to present my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards Professor Shahamak Rezaei who patiently has motivated me in this multi-extended deadline project through his kindness, helps and encouragements. Moreover, my dear Professor, Dr. Naghavi who gave me ideas and suggestions in academic writing and did a wonderful role of editing and making writing styles consistent, is second admirable person in this research. Also, I expand my gratitude to Dr. Mohammadreza Zali as the head of our faculty and my dear friends Dr. Babak Zia and Dr. Reza Mohammadkazemi for their supports and guidance.
In addition, I should thank my colleagues in The Faculty of Entrepreneurship at University of Tehran as well as Ph.D. candidates of this faculty (Particularly Mr. Mostafa Shahboodaghian and Aidin Salamzadeh) for their active cooperation to hold research interviews, fill out questionnaires and preparing documents. Finally, I am extremely thankful for my wife, my daughter and my little boy due to their tolerance in my delays in research period.
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Moghadam, S.J. (2017). Entrepreneurship Policy in Iran. In: Rezaei, S., Dana, LP., Ramadani, V. (eds) Iranian Entrepreneurship. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50639-5_2
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