Skip to main content

Cognitive Styles and Personality in Risk Perception

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter describes the current conceptualization of risk perception in the field of consumer behavior. The proposed framework suggests that consumers’ perceived risk are influenced by both personality/cognitive styles and the larger cultural system that embedded in consumers’ everyday lives. Through an extensive review of the prior literature on personality traits, cognitive styles, risk perception, and cultural dimension frameworks, this chapter presents an integrated framework to illustrate the interconnection of these constructs. The goal of this chapter is to showcase the inter-relationship of different conceptual models in predicting and interpreting consumers’ perceived risk. Future research directions are proposed in the last part of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, B. F., Perloff, R., Zenhausern, R., & Heslin, R. (1973). The effect of intolerance of ambiguity upon product perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 58(2), 239–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauvin, B., Hermand, D., & Mullet, E. (2007). Risk perception and personality facets. Risk Analysis, 27(1), 171–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coppersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. F. (1967a). The influence of cognitive needs and styles on information handling in making product evaluations. In D. F. Cox (Ed.), Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior (pp. 370–393). Boston, MA: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. F. (1967b). Synthesis-perceived risk and information handling. In D. F. Cox (Ed.), Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior (pp. 603–639). Boston, MA: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. F., & Rich, S. (1964). Perceived risk and consumer decision-making. Journal of Marketing Research, 1(4), 32–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Digman, J. M., & Takemoto-Chock, N. K. (1981). Factors in the natural language of personality: Re-analysis, comparison, and interpretation of six major studies. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16, 149–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doktor, R. (1983). Some tentative comments on Japanese and American decision making. Decision Sciences, 14, 607–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donnellan, B. M., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funder, D. C. (1997). The personality puzzle. New York, NY: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galton, F. (1884). Measurement of character. Fortnightly Review, 36, 179–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, S. E., Andrews, J. A., Barckley, M., Lichtenstein, E., & Lee, M. E. (2000). Conscientiousness, perceived risk, and risk-reduction behaviors: A preliminary study. Health Psychology, 19, 496–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviours, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsee, C. K., & Weber, E. U. (1999). Cross-national differences in risk reference and lay predictions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, J. (1971). Personality and innovation proneness. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(2), 244–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, K. (1923). Psychological types. New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keh, H. T., & Sun, J. (2008). The complexities of perceived risk in cross-cultural services marketing. Journal of International Marketing, 16(1), 120–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H.C., & Cohler J. (1959). Reaction to persuasive communications as a function of cognitive needs and style. In Paper presented to the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic City, April 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinhesselink, R. R., & Rosa, E. A. (1991). Cognitive representation of risk perceptions: A comparison of Japan and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 22(1), 11–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, R. P., & Meloche, M. S. (1995). Cognitive style and customer orientation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(1), 75–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mokwa, M. P., & Evans, K. R. (1984). Knowledge and marketing: exploring the foundations of inquiry. In S. W. Brown & R. P. Fisk (Eds.), Marketing theory: Distinguished contributions (pp. 170–179). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, I. B., & McCaulley, M. H. (1985). Manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108, 291–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popielarz, D. T. (1967). An exploration of perceived risk and willingness to try new products. Journal of Marketing Research, 4(4), 368–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaninger, C. M., & Sciglimpaglia, D. (1981). The influence of cognitive personality traits and demographics on consumer information acquisition. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 208–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1–65). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, methods, and applications (pp. 85–119). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shavitt, S., Lee, A. Y., & Johnson, T. P. (2008). Cross-cultural consumer psychology. In C. P. Haugtvedt, P. M. Herr, & F. R. Kardes (Eds.), Handbook of consumer psychology (pp. 1103–1131). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöberg, L. (2003). Distal factors in risk perception. Journal of Risk Research, 6, 187–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöberg, L., & af Wahlberg, A. (2002). Risk perception and new ages beliefs. Risk Analysis, 22, 751–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Thinking styles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinsley, C. J., & Pillutla, M. M. (1998). Negotiating in the United States and Hong Kong. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(4), 711–727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vollrath, M., & Torgersen, S. (2002). Who takes health risks? A probe into eight personality types. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1185–1197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vollrath, M., Knoch, D., & Cassano, L. (1999). Personality, risky health behaviour, and perceived susceptibility to health risks. European Journal of Personality, 13, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, J. C., Varadarajan, P. R., & Dacin, P. A. (2003). Market situation interpretation and responses: The role of cognitive style, organizational culture, and information use. Journal of Marketing, 67(3), 63–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz, H. (2014). Perceived risk, risk reduction methods and personality. International Review of Business and Economic Studies, 1(1), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Ping Hung Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Li, E.P.H. (2017). Cognitive Styles and Personality in Risk Perception. In: Emilien, G., Weitkunat, R., Lüdicke, F. (eds) Consumer Perception of Product Risks and Benefits. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50530-5_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics