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Multi-Technology Positioning pp 165–196Cite as

Survey on 5G Positioning

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Abstract

5G communications are characterized by large bandwidths, large antenna arrays, and device-to-device communication. This chapter describes why and how these properties are conducive to accurate positioning. Moreover, the main challenges in 5G localization such as path-loss are explained together with some solutions. The hybrid beamforming and beam training protocols for localization are explained. This chapter also provides an overview of how 5G technologies have been used for positioning in recent literature.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Directional antenna is an antenna designed to radiate or receive greater power in specific directions allowing for reduced interference from unwanted sources.

  2. 2.

    DOA or angle-of-arrival (AOA) is defined as the angle between the received beam with respect to a reference line in the receive antenna array.

  3. 3.

    AOD is defined as the angle between the transmitted beam with respect to a reference line in the transmit antenna array.

  4. 4.

    At a typical cellular frequency of 2 GHz; the wavelength is 15 cm and up to 400 dual-polarized antennas can thus be deployed in a 1.5 m × 1.5 m array.

  5. 5.

    At least three anchors are required for 3D localization.

  6. 6.

    The fraction of nodes with accurate location estimate is called coverage.

  7. 7.

    For a given distance, the FSPL at 60 GHz is 28 dB larger than 2. 4 GHz.

  8. 8.

    Although, it is possible to use the information from the NLOS link for localization as will be discussed in the next section.

  9. 9.

    The reader is referred to [17, 52] for more details.

  10. 10.

    This can also be considered as the blocked LOS as in the mm-wave frequencies blockage happens quite often especially for indoor localization.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by EU FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network MULTI-POS (Multi-technology Positioning Professionals) under grant nr. 316528.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Arash Shahmansoori & Gonzalo Seco-Granados

  2. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Henk Wymeersch

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  1. Arash Shahmansoori
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  2. Gonzalo Seco-Granados
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  3. Henk Wymeersch
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Correspondence to Arash Shahmansoori .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

    Jari Nurmi

  2. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

    Elena-Simona Lohan

  3. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Henk Wymeersch

  4. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Gonzalo Seco-Granados

  5. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

    Ossi Nykänen

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Shahmansoori, A., Seco-Granados, G., Wymeersch, H. (2017). Survey on 5G Positioning. In: Nurmi, J., Lohan, ES., Wymeersch, H., Seco-Granados, G., Nykänen, O. (eds) Multi-Technology Positioning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50427-8_9

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