Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimal Power Flow of a Battery/Wind/PV/Grid Hybrid System: Case of South Africa

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Smart Energy Grid Design for Island Countries

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Photovoltaic and wind systems have been demonstrated to be sustainable alternatives of producing electricity in rural electrification, particularly in islanded applications. Currently, the advancement of research in the area of power electronics has allowed the connection of these renewable resources to the grid with bidirectional power flow. In this work, the optimal power scheduling for a grid-connected photovoltaic–wind–battery hybrid system is proposed to maximize the use of solar and wind resources to assist customers at demand side. The developed model for the hybrid system’s optimal power flow management aims to minimize electricity purchased from the grid while maximizing the energy sold to the grid as well as the production of the renewable sources subject to the power balance, photovoltaic, wind, and battery storage outputs as well as other operational constraints. Relating to demand-side management, a control technique is developed to optimally schedule the power flow from the different components of the hybrid system over 24-h horizon. Simulations are performed using MATLAB, and the results demonstrate that operating the proposed hybrid system under the developed optimal energy management model can reduce the operation cost and allow consumers to generate substantial income by selling power to the grid.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Goedeckeb M, Therdthianwong S, Gheewala SH (2007) Life cycle cost analysis of alternative vehicles and fuels in Thailand. Energy Policy 35(6):3236–3246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ (2013) Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base station in developing countries. Renew Energy 51(419):425

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kusakana K (2014) Optimal operation control of hybrid renewable energy systems. Thesis, Central University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jain S, Agarwal V (2008) An integrated hybrid power supply for distributed generation applications fed by nonconventional energy sources. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 23(2):622–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. García-Triviño P, José Gil-Mena A, Llorens-Iborra F et al (2015) Power control based on particle swarm optimization of grid-connected inverter for hybrid renewable energy system. Energy Convers Manag 91:83–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Aghajani GR, Shayanfar H, Shayeghi H (2015) Presenting a multi-objective generation scheduling model for pricing demand response rate in micro-grid energy management. Energy Convers Manag 106:308–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen C, Duan S, Cai T et al (2011) Smart energy management system for optimal microgrid economic operation. IET Renew Power Gener 5(3):258–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kusakana K (2016) Energy management of a grid-connected hydrokinetic system under time of use tariff. Renew Energy. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.10.019

    Google Scholar 

  9. Riffonneau Y, Bacha S, Barruel F et al (2011) Optimal power flow management for grid connected PV systems with batteries. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 2(3):309–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Li L, Gong C, Tian S et al (2016) The peak-shaving efficiency analysis of natural gas time-of-use pricing: evidence from multi-agent simulation. Energy 96:48–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wu Z, Tazvinga H, Xia X (2015) Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery hybrid system. Appl Energy 148:294–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ottesen S, Tomasgard A, Fleten S (2016) Prosumer bidding and scheduling in electricity markets. Energy 94:828–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hedarian-Forushani E, Gloshan MEH, Shafie-khah M (2015) Flexible security-constrained scheduling of wind power enabling time of use price scheme. Energy 90(2):1887–1900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Logenthiran T, Srinivasan D, Shun TZ (2012) Demand side management in smart grid using heuristic optimization. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 3(3):1244–1252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Brando B, Dannier A, Del Pizzo A et al (2016) Grid connection of wave energy converter in heaving mode operation by supercapacitor storage technology. IET Renew Power Gener 10(1):88–97

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hu J, Zhu J, Dorrell DG (2014) Model predictive control of inverters for both islanded and grid-connected operations in renewable power generations. IET Renew Power Gener 8(3):240–248

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wolisz H, Punkenburg C, Streblow R et al (2016) Feasibility and potential of thermal demand side management in residential buildings considering different developments in the German energy market. Energy Convers Manag 107:86–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dufo-Lopez R, Bernal-Agustin JL (2015) Techno-economic analysis of grid-connected battery storage. Energy Convers Manage 91:394–404

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dufo-Lopez R (2015) Optimization of size and control of grid-connected storage under real time electricity pricing conditions. Appl Energy 140:395–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sichilalu SM, Xia X (2015) Optimal power dispatch of a grid tied-battery-photovoltaic system supplying heat pump water heaters. Energy Convers Manag 102:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kusakana K (2015) Optimal scheduled power flow for distributed photovoltaic/wind/diesel generators with battery storage system. IET Renew Power Gener 8(8):916–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kusakana K (2015) Optimisation of battery-integrated diesel generator hybrid systems using an ON/OFF operating strategy. Paper presented at the international conference on the domestic use of energy, Cape Town, 30 Mar–1 Apr 2015

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bokopane L, Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ (2015) Optimal energy management of an isolated electric Tuk-Tuk charging station powered by hybrid renewable systems. Paper presented at the international conference on the domestic use of energy, Cape Town, 30 Mar–1 Apr 2015

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wu Z, Tazvinga H, Xia X (2015) Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery hybrid system. Appl Energy 148:294–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ, Numbi BP (2012) Optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy plant using linear programming. Paper presented at the IEEE power engineering society conference and exposition in Africa, Johannesburg, 9–12 July 2012

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ, Numbi BP (2015) Optimal operation control of hydrokinetic based hybrid systems. In: Sayigh A (ed) Renewable energy in the service of mankind, vol 1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 291–303

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kusakana K (2015) Minimum cost solution of isolated battery-integrated diesel generator hybrid systems. Paper presented at the South African University power and energy conference, Johannesburg, 28–30 Jan 2015

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ (2014) Cost and performance evaluation of hydrokinetic-diesel hybrid systems. Energy Procedia 61:2439–2442

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa

    K. Kusakana

Authors
  1. K. Kusakana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Kusakana .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, School of Engineering and Physics, Suva, Fiji

    F.M. Rabiul Islam

  2. School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, School of Engineering and Physics, Suva, Fiji

    Kabir Al Mamun

  3. School of Engineering, Deakin University, School of Engineering, Truganina, Australia

    Maung Than Oo Amanullah

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kusakana, K. (2017). Optimal Power Flow of a Battery/Wind/PV/Grid Hybrid System: Case of South Africa. In: Islam, F., Mamun, K., Amanullah, M. (eds) Smart Energy Grid Design for Island Countries. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50197-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50197-0_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50196-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50197-0

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation