Global Water Scarcity and Possible Conflicts

Abstract

It has been widely recognised that numerous countries across the world are entering an era of severe water shortages. The constant increase in the human population, as well as the increase in water consumption per capita across the globe, has resulted in an increase in water shortages. The limitations in freshwater supply are already present as large areas all over the world are facing the consequences of their dwindling and disappearing water reserves. Water scarcity is a multi-faceted problem which is not just determined by water availability but also water quality and access to safe drinking water. The uncertain influences of climate change also need to be kept in mind as it will also play a role in influencing future water scarcity and stress. It is very likely that the costs of climate change will outweigh the benefits globally due to that precipitation variability is expected to increase, and more frequent floods and droughts are anticipated. Potential conflicts may arise on a local and/or regional level between agriculture, domestic use, industry and the natural reserve. Different types of sub-national conflicts can therefore arise all over the world from water scarcity and be accompanied with immense socio-economic consequences. Focus is placed on global water scarcity, possible influences of climate change, future water availability as well as water conflicts.