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Aquaporins and Root Water Uptake

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Book cover Plant Aquaporins

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM))

Abstract

Water is one of the most critical resources limiting plant growth and crop productivity, and root water uptake is an important aspect of plant physiology governing plant water use and stress tolerance. Pathways of root water uptake are complex and are affected by root structure and physiological responses of the tissue. Water travels from the soil to the root xylem through the apoplast (i.e., cell wall space) and/or cell-to-cell, but hydraulic barriers in the apoplast (e.g., suberized structures in the endodermis) can force water to traverse cell membranes at some points along this path. Anytime water crosses a cell membrane, its transport can be affected by the activity of membrane-intrinsic water channel proteins (aquaporins). We review how aquaporins can play an important role in affecting root water transport properties (hydraulic conductivity, Lp), and thus alter water uptake, plant water status, nutrient acquisition, growth, and transpiration. Plants have the capacity to regulate aquaporin activity through a variety of mechanisms (e.g., pH, phosphorylation, internalization, oxidative gating), which may provide a rapid and reversible means of regulating root Lp. Changes in root Lp via the modulation of aquaporin activity is thought to contribute to root responses to a broad range of stresses including drought, salt, nutrient deficiency, and cold. Given their role in contributing to stress tolerance, aquaporins may serve as future targets for improving crop performance in stressful environments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, UMR 1287, F– 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Gregory A. Gambetta

  2. Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Thorsten Knipfer & Andrew J. McElrone

  3. School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Wieland Fricke

  4. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Andrew J. McElrone

Authors
  1. Gregory A. Gambetta
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  2. Thorsten Knipfer
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  3. Wieland Fricke
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  4. Andrew J. McElrone
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Correspondence to Gregory A. Gambetta .

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  1. Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    François Chaumont

  2. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Stephen D. Tyerman

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Gambetta, G.A., Knipfer, T., Fricke, W., McElrone, A.J. (2017). Aquaporins and Root Water Uptake. In: Chaumont, F., Tyerman, S. (eds) Plant Aquaporins. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49395-4_6

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