Abstract
This review critically assesses the recent advances in MS-based lipidomics and their current and future contribution in our understanding of the essential function of exocytosis. Exocytosis is a complex process during which the membranes of two compartments fuse. In neurons, neuroexocytosis involves the calcium-dependent release of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane at the level of the presynaptic active zone. Exocytosis is also involved in a myriad of intra- and intercellular communication processes including exosome release whose function has been widely investigated recently. Our understanding of exocytosis has been hampered by the lack of holistic information on the change in lipid composition occurring as a result of the action of various enzymes such as phospholipases. These changes are of paramount importance as they can influence both fusogenicity and membrane fluidity. This review assesses the recent advances in lipid MS and examines how they have helped deconvolve the structural and functional complexities of brain lipids, applied to exocytosis.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Arachidonic acid
- Ca2+ :
-
Calcium
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- ESI:
-
Electrospray ionisation
- FFAs:
-
Free fatty acids
- GC/MS:
-
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- GPCRs:
-
G-protein coupled receptors
- LC/MS:
-
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- LPA:
-
Lysophosphatidic acid
- LPAAT:
-
Lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase
- LPC:
-
LysophosphatidylcholineLPLLysophospholipids
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- PA:
-
Phosphatidic acid
- PC:
-
Phosphatidylcholine
- PH:
-
Pleckstrin homology domain
- PIPs:
-
Phosphatidylinositol phosphates
- PKC:
-
Protein kinase C
- PL:
-
Phospholipase
- PtdIns(4,5)P2 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate
- SM:
-
Sphingomyelin
- SNARE:
-
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Rachel Gormal and Rowan Tweedale for helping in the preparation of the chapter. This work was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant (APP1058769). F.A.M. is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow (APP1060075).
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Narayana, V.K., Kvaskoff, D., Meunier, F.A. (2017). New Developments in Free Fatty Acids and Lysophospholipids: Decoding the Role of Phospholipases in Exocytosis. In: Pébay, A., Wong, R. (eds) Lipidomics of Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49343-5_10
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