Abstract
Refractory linings in pyrometallurgical furnaces are attacked by various process phases (e.g. metal, slag, gas). However, refractories are the barrier between these phases and the environment: refractory damages and consequent furnace failure can cause severe damages including potential danger for workers/operators. Hence, refractory corrosion and attack of molten phases require attention to study the mechanisms and effects on refractory performance and lifetime. This is of special importance in ferroalloys production, where temperatures are generally even higher than in base metal processes and the corrosion effects therefore more pronounced.
To understand the nature of the reactions involved in refractory corrosion, it is crucial to have an understanding of the chemical equilibria and the thermodynamics of the reactions.
The present work studies the high-temperature interactions between refractories and molten slags, comprising theoretical thermodynamic analysis (FactSage™) and experimental work (hot-stage microscopy) to better understand the corrosion mechanisms and draw implications for improving the refractory performance and lifetime.
The results will provide a framework for investigating refractory corrosion processes and trigger research efforts in the area of thermodynamic applications, optimizations and simulations in high-temperature processes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
W. Lee and S. Zhang, “Melt corrosion of oxide and oxide-carbon refractories”, Int Mater Rev, 1999, 44 (3), pp. 77 – 104
D. Gregurek, A. Ressler, V. Reiter, A. Franzkowiak, A. Spanring and T. Prietl, “Refractory wear mechanisms in the nonferrous metal industry: testing and modelling results”, J Miner Metals Mater Soc, 2013, 65 (11), pp. 1622 – 1630
N.L. Bowen and J.F. Schairer, “The System MgO-FeO-SiO2”, Am. J. Sci., 1935, 29, pp. 151 – 217
S. Chen, E. Jak and P.C. Hayes, “Phase Equilibria in the Cristobalite, Tridymite and Pyroxene Primary Phase Fields in the MgO-“FeO”-SiO2 System in Equilibrium with Metallic Iron”, ISIJ International, 2005, 45, pp. 791 – 797
S. Chen, E. Jak and P.C. Hayes, “Phase Equilibria in the Olivine Primary Phase Field of the System MgO-“FeO”-SiO2 in Equilibrium with Metallic Iron”, ISIJ International, 2005, 45, pp. 1095 – 1100
E. Jak and P.C. Hayes, “Slag phase euqilibria and viscosities in ferronickel smelting slags”, The Twelfth International Ferroalloys Congress, 2010, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 631 – 639
C. M. Diaz, C.A. Landolt, A. Vahed, A.E.M. Warner and J.C. Taylor, “A Review of Nickel Pyrometallurgical Operation”, J. Met., 1988, 40, pp. 28 – 33
C.W. Bale, P. Chartrand, S.A. Degterov, G. Eriksson, K. Hack, R. Ben Mahfoud, J. Melancon, A.D. Peltron, S. Petersen, “FactSage thermochemical software and databases, Calphad, 2002, 26 (2), pp. 189 – 228
Slag Atlas, Edited by VDEh, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, 2nd edition, 1995
J. Berjonneau, P. Pringent and J. Poirier, “The development of a thermodynamic model for Al2O3-MgO refractory castable corrosion by secondary metallurgy steel ladle slags”, Ceram. Int., 2009, 35 (2), pp. 623 – 635
A.P. Luz, A.G. Tomba Martinez, M.A.L. Braulio and V.C. Pandolfelli, “Thermodynamic evaluation of spinel containing refractory castables corrosion by secondary metallurgy slag”, Ceram. Int., 2011, 37, pp. 1191 – 1201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Luidold, S., Wenzl, C., Wagner, C., Sagadin, C. (2016). High Temperature Corrosion Mechanisms of Refractories and Ferro-Alloy Slags. In: Reddy, R.G., Chaubal, P., Pistorius, P.C., Pal, U. (eds) Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48625-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48769-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)