Abstract
Food processing is a fundamental activity applied to extend the shelf-life, to improve stabilization, increase the nutritional value, provide convenience and give special characteristics to foods and foodstuffs. Within the set of thermal technologies applied in food processing, cooking is a step intended to give unique sensory properties, as texture, flavor, color, and taste. During the processes of frying, baking, or roasting for some types of foods—especially carbohydrate-rich foods—Maillard reactions may take place, yielding a pleasant flavor and color compounds. Some pathways of the Maillard reaction chain, however, may produce undesirable substances like acrylamide, furans, and furfurals. Acrylamide in particular concerns researchers and consumers since it is classified as a probable human carcinogen. In this chapter, blanching will be presented as an acrylamide mitigation technology, highlighting some of the most relevant studies involving the method, the effect of time and temperature, and the combination of different technologies to blanching.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams A, Hamdani S, Van Lancker F et al (2010) Stability of acrylamide in model systems and its reactivity with selected nucleophiles. Food Res Int 43:1517–1522. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.033
Agblor A, Scanlon MG (2000) Processing conditions influencing the physical properties of French fried potatoes. Potato Res 43:163–177. Doi:10.1007/BF02357957
Anese M, Suman M, Nicoli MC (2010) Acrylamide removal from heated foods. Food Chem 119:791–794. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.043
Baardseth P, Blom H, Skrede G et al (2006) Lactic acid fermentation reduces acrylamide formation and other Maillard reactions in French fries. J Food Sci 71:C28–C33. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12384.x
Banchero M, Pellegrino G, Manna L (2013) Supercritical fluid extraction as a potential mitigation strategy for the reduction of acrylamide level in coffee. J Food Eng 115:292–297. Doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.10.045
Belitz H-D, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2009) Amino acids, peptides, proteins. Food chemistry. Springer, Berlin, pp 8–89
Bhagat J, Kaur A, Chadha BS (2016) Single step purification of asparaginase from endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans exhibiting high potential to reduce acrylamide in processed potato chips. Food Bioprod Process 99:222–230. Doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2016.05.010
Brathen E, Kita A, Knutsen SH, Wicklund T (2005) Addition of glycine reduces the content of acrylamide in cereal and potato products. J Agric Food Chem 53:3259–3264. Doi:10.1021/jf048082o
Burch RS, Trzesicka A, Clarke M et al (2008) The effects of low-temperature potato storage and washing and soaking pre-treatments on the acrylamide content of French fries. J Sci Food Agric 88:989–995. Doi:10.1002/jsfa.3179
Camire ME, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ (2009) Potatoes and human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 49:823–840. Doi:10.1080/10408390903041996
Capuano E (2016) Lipid oxidation promotes acrylamide formation in fat-rich systems. In: Gökmen V (ed) Acrylamide in food. Academic Press, pp 309–324
Casado FJ, Sánchez AH, Montaño A (2010) Reduction of acrylamide content of ripe olives by selected additives. Food Chem 119:161–166. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.009
Cha M (2013) Enzymatic control of the acrylamide level in coffee. Eur Food Res Technol 236:567–571. Doi:10.1007/s00217-013-1927-8
Chen H, Gu Z (2014) Effect of ascorbic acid on the properties of ammonia caramel colorant additives and acrylamide formation. J Food Sci 79:C1678–C1682. Doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12560
Cheng K-W, Zeng X, Tang YS et al (2009) Inhibitory mechanism of naringenin against carcinogenic acrylamide formation and nonenzymatic browning in Maillard model reactions. Chem Res Toxicol 22:1483–1489. Doi:10.1021/tx9001644
Ciesarová Z (2016) Impact of l-asparaginase on acrylamide content in fried potato and bakery products. In: Gökmen V (ed) Acrylamide in food. Academic Press, pp 405–421
Cummins E, Butler F, Gormley R, Brunton N (2008) A methodology for evaluating the formation and human exposure to acrylamide through fried potato crisps. LWT - Food Sci Technol 41:854–867. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.05.022
Fiselier K, Hartmann A, Fiscalini A, Grob K (2005) Higher acrylamide contents in French fries prepared from “fresh” prefabricates. Eur Food Res Technol 221:376–381. Doi:10.1007/s00217-005-1183-7
Friedman M (2015) Acrylamide: inhibition of formation in processed food and mitigation of toxicity in cells, animals, and humans. Food Funct 6:1752–1772. Doi:10.1039/C5FO00320B
Friedman MA, Dulak LH, Stedham MA (1995) A lifetime oncogenicity study in rats with acrylamide. Fundam Appl Toxicol 27:95–105. Doi:10.1006/faat.1995.1112
Gökmen V (ed) (2016) Acrylamide in food: analysis, content and potential health effects. Academic Press, London
Gökmen V, Şenyuva HZ (2006) Study of colour and acrylamide formation in coffee, wheat flour and potato chips during heating. Food Chem 99:238–243. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.054
Gökmen V, Şenyuva HZ (2007) Effects of some cations on the formation of acrylamide and furfurals in glucose-asparagine model system. Eur Food Res Technol 225:815–820. Doi:10.1007/s00217-006-0486-7
Gökmen V, Kocadağlı T, Göncüoğlu N, Mogol BA (2012) Model studies on the role of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in acrylamide formation from asparagine. Food Chem 132:168–174. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.048
Granvogl M, Jezussek M, Koehler P, Schieberle P (2004) Quantitation of 3-aminopropionamide in potatoes—a minor but potent precursor in acrylamide formation. J Agric Food Chem 52:4751–4757. Doi:10.1021/jf049581s
Gupta MK (2009) Industrial frying. In: Sahin S, Sumnu SG (eds) Advances in deep-fat frying of foods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 263–287
Hamzalıoğlu A, Gökmen V (2012) Role of bioactive carbonyl compounds on the conversion of asparagine into acrylamide during heating. Eur Food Res Technol 235:1093–1099. Doi:10.1007/s00217-012-1839-z
Hedegaard RV, Granby K, Frandsen H et al (2008) Acrylamide in bread. Effect of prooxidants and antioxidants. Eur Food Res Technol 227:519–525. Doi:10.1007/s00217-007-0750-5
Hendriksen HV, Kornbrust BA, Ostergaard PR, Stringer MA (2009) Evaluating the potential for enzymatic acrylamide mitigation in a range of food products using an asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Agric Food Chem 57:4168–4176. Doi:10.1021/jf900174q
Hidalgo FJ, Delgado RM, Zamora R (2011) Positive interaction between amino and sulfhydryl groups for acrylamide removal. Food Res Int 44:1083–1087. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.013
Hogervorst JGF, Baars B-J, Schouten LJ et al (2010) The carcinogenicity of dietary acrylamide intake: a comparative discussion of epidemiological and experimental animal research. Crit Rev Toxicol 40:485–512. Doi:10.3109/10408440903524254
Johnson KA, Gorzinski SJ, Bodner KM et al (1986) Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study on acrylamide incorporated in the drinking water of Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 85:154–168. Doi:10.1016/0041-008X(86)90109-2
Jung MY, Choi DS, Ju JW (2003) A novel technique for limitation of acrylamide formation in fried and baked corn chips and in French fries. J Food Sci 68:1287–1290. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09641.x
Kita A, Bråthen E, Knutsen SH, Wicklund T (2004) Effective ways of decreasing acrylamide content in potato crisps during processing. J Agric Food Chem 52:7011–7016. Doi:10.1021/jf049269i
Kotsiou K, Tasioula-Margari M, Kukurová K, Ciesarová Z (2010) Impact of oregano and virgin olive oil phenolic compounds on acrylamide content in a model system and fresh potatoes. Food Chem 123:1149–1155. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.078
Krokida MK, Oreopoulou V, Maroulis ZB, Marinos-Kouris D (2001) Effect of pre-drying on quality of French fries. J Food Eng 49:347–354. Doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00233-8
Li D, Chen Y, Zhang Y et al (2012) Study on mitigation of acrylamide formation in cookies by 5 antioxidants. J Food Sci 77:C1144–C1149. Doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02949.x
Mariotti M, Cortés P, Fromberg A et al (2015) Heat toxicant contaminant mitigation in potato chips. LWT - Food Sci Technol 60:860–866. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.023
Mesias M, Morales FJ (2016) Acrylamide in bakery products. In: Gökmen V (ed) Acrylamide in food. Academic Press, pp 131–157
Mestdagh F, De Wilde T, Delporte K et al (2008a) Impact of chemical pre-treatments on the acrylamide formation and sensorial quality of potato crisps. Food Chem 106:914–922. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.001
Mestdagh F, De Wilde T, Fraselle S et al (2008b) Optimization of the blanching process to reduce acrylamide in fried potatoes. LWT - Food Sci Technol 41:1648–1654. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.007
Mestdagh F, Maertens J, Cucu T et al (2008c) Impact of additives to lower the formation of acrylamide in a potato model system through pH reduction and other mechanisms. Food Chem 107:26–31. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.013
Morales F, Capuano E, Fogliano V (2008) Mitigation strategies to reduce acrylamide formation in fried potato products. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126:89–100. Doi:10.1196/annals.1433.051
Mustafa A, Andersson R, HellEnäs K-E et al (2008) Moisture enhances acrylamide reduction during storage in model studies of rye crispbread. J Agric Food Chem 56:11234–11237. Doi:10.1021/jf801405q
Ou S, Lin Q, Zhang Y et al (2008) Reduction of acrylamide formation by selected agents in fried potato crisps on industrial scale. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 9:116–121. Doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2007.06.008
Parker JK, Balagiannis DP, Higley J et al (2012) Kinetic model for the formation of acrylamide during the finish-frying of commercial French fries. J Agric Food Chem 60:9321–9331. Doi:10.1021/jf302415n
Pedreschi F, Kaack K, Granby K (2004) Reduction of acrylamide formation in potato slices during frying. LWT - Food Sci Technol 37:679–685. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2004.03.001
Pedreschi F, Moyano P, Kaack K, Granby K (2005) Color changes and acrylamide formation in fried potato slices. Food Res Int 38:1–9. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.07.002
Pedreschi F, Kaack K, Granby K (2006) Acrylamide content and color development in fried potato strips. Food Res Int 39:40–46. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2005.06.001
Pedreschi F, León J, Mery D et al (2007) Color development and acrylamide content of pre-dried potato chips. J Food Eng 79:786–793. Doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.03.001
Pedreschi F, Kaack K, Granby K (2008) The effect of asparaginase on acrylamide formation in French fries. Food Chem 109:386–392. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.057
Pedreschi F, Granby K, Risum J (2010) Acrylamide mitigation in potato chips by using NaCl. Food Bioprocess Technol 3:917–921. Doi:10.1007/s11947-010-0349-x
Pedreschi F, Mariotti S, Granby K, Risum J (2011) Acrylamide reduction in potato chips by using commercial asparaginase in combination with conventional blanching. LWT - Food Sci Technol 44:1473–1476. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2011.02.004
Rivas-Jimenez L, Ramírez-Ortiz K, González-Córdova AF et al (2016) Evaluation of acrylamide-removing properties of two Lactobacillus strains under simulated gastrointestinal conditions using a dynamic system. Microbiol Res 190:19–26. Doi:10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.016
Rydberg P, Eriksson S, Tareke E et al (2003) Investigations of factors that influence the acrylamide content of heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem 51:7012–7018. Doi:10.1021/jf034649+
Sanghvi G, Bhimani K, Vaishnav D et al (2016) Mitigation of acrylamide by l-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis KDPS1 and analysis of degradation products by HPLC and HPTLC. Springerplus 5:533. Doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2159-8
Shakambari G, Birendranarayan AK, Angelaa Lincy MJ et al (2016) Hemocompatible glutaminase free l-asparaginase from marine Bacillus tequilensis PV9W with anticancer potential modulating p53 expression. RSC Adv 6:25943–25951. Doi:10.1039/C6RA00727A
Shojaee-Aliabadi S, Nikoopour H, Kobarfard F et al (2013) Acrylamide reduction in potato chips by selection of potato variety grown in Iran and processing conditions. J Sci Food Agric 93:2556–2561. Doi:10.1002/jsfa.6076
Skog K, Viklund G, Olsson K, Sjöholm I (2008) Acrylamide in home-prepared roasted potatoes. Mol Nutr Food Res 52:307–312. Doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700240
Sun Z, Li D, Liu P et al (2016) A novel l-asparaginase from Aquabacterium sp. A7-Y with self-cleavage activation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 109:121–130. Doi:10.1007/s10482-015-0614-0
Taeymans D, Wood J, Ashby P et al (2004) A review of acrylamide: an industry perspective on research, analysis, formation and control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44:323–347. Doi:10.1080/10408690490478082
Tajner-Czopek A, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2008) Effects of potato strip size and pre-drying method on french fries quality. Eur Food Res Technol 227:757–766. Doi:10.1007/s00217-007-0784-8
Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P et al (2000) Acrylamide: a cooking carcinogen? Chem Res Toxicol 13:517–522. Doi:10.1021/tx9901938
Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P et al (2002) Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem 50:4998–5006. Doi:10.1021/jf020302f
Taubert D, Harlfinger S, Henkes L et al (2004) Influence of processing parameters on acrylamide formation during frying of potatoes. J Agric Food Chem 52:2735–2739. Doi:10.1021/jf035417d
Törnqvist M (2005) Acrylamide in food: the discovery and its implications: a historical perspective. In: Friedman M, and Mottram D (eds) Chemistry and safety of acrylamide in food. Springer, 1–19. doi: 10.1007/0-387-24980-X_1
Truong VD, Pascua YT, Reynolds R et al (2014) Processing treatments for mitigating acrylamide formation in sweetpotato French fries. J Agric Food Chem 62:310–316. Doi:10.1021/jf404290v
Urbančič S, Kolar MH, Dimitrijević D et al (2014) Stabilisation of sunflower oil and reduction of acrylamide formation of potato with rosemary extract during deep-fat frying. Food Sci Technol 57:671–678. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2013.11.002
Viklund GÅI, Olsson KM, Sjöholm IM, Skog KI (2010) Acrylamide in crisps: effect of blanching studied on long-term stored potato clones. J Food Compos Anal 23:194–198. Doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2009.07.009
Vinci RM, Mestdagh F, De Muer N et al (2010) Effective quality control of incoming potatoes as an acrylamide mitigation strategy for the French fries industry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 27:417–425. Doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.639094
Vinci RM, Mestdagh F, Van Poucke C et al (2011) Implementation of acrylamide mitigation strategies on industrial production of French fries: challenges and pitfalls. J Agric Food Chem 59:898–906. Doi:10.1021/jf1042486
Vinci RM, Mestdagh F, De Meulenaer B (2012) Acrylamide formation in fried potato products—present and future, a critical review on mitigation strategies. Food Chem 133:1138–1154. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.001
Xu X, An X (2016) Study on acrylamide inhibitory mechanism in Maillard model reaction: effect of p-coumaric acid. Food Res Int 84:9–17. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.020
Xu C, Yagiz Y, Marshall S et al (2015) Application of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) pomace extract to reduce carcinogenic acrylamide. Food Chem 182:200–208. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.133
Xu F, Oruna-Concha MJ, Elmore JS (2016) The use of asparaginase to reduce acrylamide levels in cooked food. Food Chem 210:163–171. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.105
Yaylayan VA, Stadler RH (2005) Acrylamide formation in food: a mechanistic perspective. J AOAC Int 88:262–267
Zamora R, Hidalgo FJ (2008) Contribution of lipid oxidation products to acrylamide formation in model systems. J Agric Food Chem 56:6075–6080. Doi:10.1021/jf073047d
Zamora R, Delgado RM, Hidalgo FJ (2010) Model reactions of acrylamide with selected amino compounds. J Agric Food Chem 58:1708–1713. Doi:10.1021/jf903378x
Zhang Y, Zhang Y (2008) Effect of natural antioxidants on kinetic behavior of acrylamide formation and elimination in low-moisture asparagine–glucose model system. J Food Eng 85:105–115. Doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.07.013
Zuo S, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W (2015) Reduction of acrylamide level through blanching with treatment by an extremely thermostable l-asparaginase during French fries processing. Extremophiles 19:841–851. Doi:10.1007/s00792-015-0763-0
Zyzak DV, Sanders RA, Stojanovic M et al (2003) Acrylamide formation mechanism in heated foods. J Agric Food Chem 51:4782–4787. Doi:10.1021/jf034180i
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dagostin, J.L.A. (2017). Blanching as an Acrylamide Mitigation Technique. In: Richter Reis, F. (eds) New Perspectives on Food Blanching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48665-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48665-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48664-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48665-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)