Evidence-Based Policy Decisions

Abstract

Evidence is the available body of facts or information about a topic or issue intended to make clear, prove, or disprove whether a proposal is accurate or valid. Integration of findings from formal, systematic research into the practice of evidence-based policy decisions identifies the best evidence in order to inform decision-making. When an informed advanced practice nurse presents data and information along with a request for creation of or change in policy, the advanced practice nurse presents a stronger argument in support of the issue or agenda item.

An ideal scenario suggests that evidence-based policy decision-making uses information derived from formal research and systematic investigation to identify programs and practices capable of supporting or improving policy-relevant outcomes. The concept of evidence-based policy decisions implies that a rational, rigorous, and systematic approach takes place when making policy decisions. The premise is that policy decisions are better informed by available evidence and rational analysis. Support for this view suggests that policy decisions based on empirical evidence produce better outcomes.

This chapter explores and challenges the perception that policy decisions are a result of coordinated efforts based on evidence. In addition, the reality that policy decisions are often made in a precarious rather than a stable environment, not necessarily based on supportive data and evidence, is discussed. The concept of a policy agenda as it relates to the policy process, introduced in Chap. 2, is revisited in the context of evidence-based policy decisions. This is followed by a discussion of the impact decision-makers with authority and power have in influencing policy decisions. The concept of direct and indirect participation in the policy process concludes the chapter.