Skip to main content

Design of ESR Slags According to Requested Physical Properties; Part 2: Density and Viscosity

  • Conference paper
Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing & Casting

Abstract

Density and viscosity components of multifunction Γ(T,ρ,η,к) which for requested working temperature (T), density (ρ), viscosity (η) and electrical conductivity (к) defines all six-component (CaF2, CaO, MgO, AI2O3, TiO2, SiO2) slags of requested properties have been defined. The seven parameter correlation parameters describing molten flux density were calculated using Gauss-Jordan multivariable regression analysis approach and literature data. Mills and Sridhar method for estimating molten flux viscosity, has been used. The brute force algorithm for solving Γ has been updated and tested. Our results showed, despite of the exploratory nature of our work, that the calculated compositions included slags manufactured at American Flux & Metal, both: containing fluorspar and those composed only of oxides. The developed numerical algorithm for solving multifunction Γ is powerful enough to give us solutions in reasonable time so in the future additional components of ESR slags (MgF2, MnO2, LaF3, La2O3, and ZrO2) will be also included in the set of solutions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Hoyle, Electroslag Processes Principles and Practice (London and New York, NY: Applied Science Publishers, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. Zhang, K. Chou, “Model for Evaluation Density of Molten Slag With Optical Basicity”, “Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International 17 (1010) 104.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Akbari, J.Reitz, B.Friedrich, “Thermophysical Properties of ESR-Electrofluxes (Part 1: Density)”, (Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting: Santa Fe, New Mexico, NM, 2009), 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. Courtail, D.B. Dingwell, “Densities of Melts in the CaO-MgO-Al203-Si02 system”, American Mineralogist 84 (1999) 465–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wu, Jimmy Gran, Du Sichen, “The Effect of Calcium Fluoride on Slag Viscosity,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 42B(2011), 928–931.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. K.M. Kelkar, S.V. Patankar and A. Mitchell, “Computational Modelling of the Electroslag Remelting (ESR) Process Used for the Production of Ingots of High-Performance Alloys,” (Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting: Santa Fe, New Mexico, NM, 2005), 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Jardy, D. Ablitzer, and J.F. Wadier, “Magnetohydrodynamic and Thermal Behavior of Electroslag Remelting Slags, Metall.Trans”. B, 22B (1991), 111–120.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hardy G.H., A Course of Pure Mathematic- Centenial Edition, (Cambridge: Cambridge Mathematical Library 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  9. C. Berge, Topological Spaces Including a Treatment of Multi-Valued Functions, Vector Spaces, and Convexity, (Mineola NY: Dover Publications, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  10. W.H. Press et al., Numerical Recipes; The Art of Scientific Computing (FORTRAN Version) (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989) 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  11. K.C. Mils and S. Sridhar, “Viscosities of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Slags,” Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 26 (1999), 262–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. K.C. Mills, L. Yuan, R.T. Jones, “Estimating the Physical Properties of Slags”, The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 111 (2011) 649–658.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Verein Deutscher Eisenhuettenloute, ed., Slag Atlas, (Duesseldorf, Germany: Verlag Stahleisen GmbH, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Abaneth et al, “Occurences Algorithm for string Searching Based on Brute-force Agorithm, ” Journal of Computer Science, 2 (2006), 82–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Wroblewski, J. Fraley, J. Fields, R. Werner, S. Rudoler, “Design of ESR Slags According to Requested Physical Properties; Part 1: Electrical Conductivity” (Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, Nancy, France 2011), 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.A. Duffy “Optical Basicity: A Practical Acid-Base Theory for Oxides and Oxyanions,” Journal of Chemical Education. 73 (1996) 1138–1142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wroblewski, K., DiBiaso, B., Fraley, J., Fields, J., Rudoler, S. (2013). Design of ESR Slags According to Requested Physical Properties; Part 2: Density and Viscosity. In: Krane, M.J.M., Jardy, A., Williamson, R.L., Beaman, J.J. (eds) Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing & Casting. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48102-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics