Abstract
The aim of the article is to present the ways of urban public transport development in Russia within the context of the transition towards the market economy. The article consists of two blocks: the trends of urban public transport development in the Russian Federation and the problems of urban public transport management. The first block presents the survey of urban public transport development trends by transport mode with the attention to the mass transit. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of urban public transport in Russian cities since 1991 is provided. The positive and negative cases of urban public transport development are revealed. The most important features of urban public transport functioning connected to the urban planning and transport planning practice are discussed. The second part presents an overview of the main decisions made by public authorities in the field of urban public transport management. The key questions are: the general logic of administration, the role of private transport operators, funding and risks of the market participants. The general conclusions reveal the place of the Russian Federation within the context of world urban transport development trends.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In all Russian cities except Moscow, trolleybuses and trams belonged to the jurisdiction of the RSFSR Ministry for Housing and Communal Services.
- 2.
Hybrid types of rail and non-rail public transport (translohr, guided buses) have not yet been introduced. In recent years, several cities started using trolleybuses with autonomous running in a test mode (Tula, Armavir, Maykop, Barnaul, Novosibirsk).
- 3.
In 2008, this transport mode reached a development maximum of 4809.6 km (adding 440 km to the 1990 level).
- 4.
Additional trolleybus parks at a high stage of readiness were finished in Kazan, Makhachkala, Vladimir, Tver, Novorossiysk, Lipetsk, Ulyanovsk (on the west side of Volga River), Yaroslavl and Grozny. Trolleybus lines have been intensively constructed in Kamyshin, Stary Oskol, Cherepovets and Novocherkassk. All these projects have not yet been completed.
- 5.
Special guidelines for organizing priority lanes for buses and trolleybuses (ROW-C) were released in Russia in 1983, but such lanes remained exotic, and even in Moscow they were used on only 3 streets.
- 6.
In some cities, under the pressure of car owners priority lanes were eliminated shortly after their introduction (Yaroslavl, Voronezh) or are publicly discredited (Barnaul, Kirov, Khabarovsk).
- 7.
As of the 2015, such routes are only being discussed at the level of urban initiatives in Moscow and in Novosibirsk.
- 8.
The section between the stations Vladivostok/Mys-Churkin and Artyom.
- 9.
- 10.
The city of Volgograd has an LRT line of ROW-A category within the city center that runs through tunnels built in accordance with subway requirements (transformation into a subway has been suggested).
- 11.
There is also a small pilot monorail line operating since 2005 in Moscow which suffers annual losses of several hundred million rubles. This form of transport has not been further developed, and its elimination has been announced.
- 12.
The cease of operations in Kaliningrad was announced for April 2016.
- 13.
This is due to the tram transport in these cities designed to accommodate the needs of industrial enterprises.
References
Autostat (2016) Data on Cars, Bus and motorcycles for years 2008–2016. http://eng.autostat.ru/catalog_category/59/. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Blinkin M, Gurevich G, Sarychev A (1988) Avtomatizirovannye sistemy transportnogo planirovaniya (Automated transport planning system). Itogi nauki i texniki (The results of science and technology), v. 13 Avtomobilnyj i gorodskoj transport (Road and urban transport)
Chudakov E (1928) Budushchee avtomobil’noy promyshlennosti v SSSR (The future of the automotive industry of the URSS). Za rulyom, Moscow
ERRAC, the European Rail Research Advisory Council (2009) Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe. http://www.uitp.org/sites/default/files/cck-focus-papers-files/errac_metrolr_tramsystemsineurope.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Fursov A (2015) Privlekatel’nost’ stroitel’stva legkorel’sovogo transporta v krupnyx gorodax Rossii (The attractiveness of light rail construction in major cities of Russia). Moscow
Gusev A (2014) Nebol’shoe gorodskoe issledovanie transporta vo Vladivostoke (Small urban transport survey of Vladivostok), Vladivostok
Gwilliam KM (2000) Private participation in public transport in the FSU. In: TWU Series. The World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANTRANSPORT/Resources/twu_40.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Gwilliam KM, van de Velde DM (1990) The potential for regulatory change in european bus markets. J Trans Econ Policy 24(3):333–350
Higher School of Economics (2014) Transport data. Moscow. http://sophist.hse.ru/rstat/. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Inno-V et al (2008) Contracting in urban public transport. In: Clean transport & urban transport. European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/studies/doc/2008_contracting_urban_public_transport.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
International association “Metro” (2014) Tehniko-ekspluatacionnye pokazateli metropolitenov (Technical and operational parameters of subways). http://www.asmetro.ru/metro/techno_ekonom/ (in Russian). Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Jones D (1981) Urban transit policy: an Economic and political history Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Krasnoyarsk Administration (2006) Resolution No. 828 of October 6, 2006 Ob utverzhdenii polozheniya o poryadke i usloviyakh konkursnogo otbora perevozchikov na osuschestvleniye perevozok passazhirov po gorodskim marshrutam regulyarnikh perevozok (On approval of regulation on procedure of competitive selection of public transportation operators). In: Krasnoyarsk Administration website. http://www.admkrsk.ru/citytoday/transport/Documents/%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95%20%D0%BE%D1%82%206%20.10.06%D0%B3%20%E2%84%96%20828.doc. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Moscow Government (2014) Resolution No. 643 of October 31, 2014 Ob organizacii transportnogo obsluzhivaniya naseleniya v gorode Moskve (On Organization of Public Transportation Services in Moscow). In ConsultantPlus website. http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=MLAW&n=168652&from=158175-0&rnd=214990.5746480769956883&. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Polyakov A (2016) Interview, MIIT transport conference (Interviewer Zyuzin P.). Moscow
Rodionov AY (2000) Pravovie osnovy organizacii transportnogo obsluzhivaniya gorodskogo naseleniya (The legal foundations of organization of public transportation services for citizens). The Institute for Urban Economics, Moscow
Rodionov AY (2005) Methodical recommendations on the organization of the transport service of the population of municipalities. Fund “Regional studies”, Moscow
Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service (2016) http://www.gks.ru/ (in Russian). Accessed 1 Aug 2016
Russian Federation Supreme Council (1991) Resolution No. 3020-1 of December, 27 1991 O razgranichenii gosudarstvennoy sobstvennosti Rossiyskoy Federacii na federalnuyu sobstvennost, gosudarstvennuyu sobstvennost respublik v sostave Rossiyskoy Federacii, krayov, oblastey, avtonomnoy oblasty, avtonomnykh okrugov, gorodov Moskvy i Sankt-Peterbutga i municipalnuyu sobstvennost (On Separation of Public Property of Russian Federation on Federal, State and Municipal Property). In ConsultantPlus website. Available via DIALOG. http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=LAW&n=48179&fld=134&dst=1000000001,0&rnd=0.20456683737468007. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Shulyaev V (2014) A comprehensive plan for the development of passenger transport in Kaliningrad until 2020. Research Institute of Transport and Road Infrastructure (NIPITRTI)
Tarkhov S (2002) Evolyucionnaya morfologiya transoprtnyh setey (Evolutionary morphology of transport networks). Universum, Smolensk-Moscow
Tarkhov S, Derkach A (1999) Gorodskoy passazhirskiy transport v Rossii i SNG (Urban electric transport in Russia and CIS). In: Basin E (ed) Russian Architecture and Construction encyclopedia. Bumazhnaya galereya, vol 6, pp 130–136, Moscow
Voronezh City Duma (2012) Long-term municipal program No. 687 of August, 10 2012. Development of urban passenger transport Voronezh City District for the period 2010–2014. http://www.regionz.ru/index.php?ds=463043. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Voronezh City Duma. (2008) Resolution No. 438-II of December, 24 2008. Development of the Municipal District of urban passenger transport Voronezh for 2009–2013. http://www.gorduma-voronezh.ru/cgi-bin/press.pl/doc/n081224-00438-II. Accessed 31 Aug 2016
Vuchic V (2011) Transport v gorodax, udobnyx dlya zhizni (Transportation for Livable Cities). Territoriya budushchego, Moscow
World Bank (2002) Cities on the move: a World Bank urban transport strategy review. Washington, DC
Yakushkin I (1982) Passazhirskie perevozki metropolitenom (Passenger traffic on the underground). Transport, Moscow
Zyuzin P (2012) Prostranstvennaya transformaciya transportnyx setej postsocialisticheskix stran CVE i byvshego SSSR (The spatial transformation of urban transport networks in the Post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and former SU). Dissertation, Moscow state university
Zyuzin P (2016) Gorodskoj passazhirskij transport v Rossii v kontekste sovremennyx transportnyx paradigm (Public Transport Network in Russian cities in the context of modern transport paradigms). Paper presented at the international conference “Ethics, transport and sustainable development: the social role of transport science and the responsibility of scientists”, Moscow State university of railways engineering (MIIT), Moscow, 2–3 Mar 2016
Zyuzin P, Shpakov I (2016) Sostoyanie otrasli gorodskogo e’lektrotransporta v RSFSR v konce 1980-x gg.: problemy i perspektivy (State of the urban electric transport industry in the USSR in the late 1980-ies: problems and prospects). In: Koroteeva N (ed) Kraevedcheskie zapiski, vol 2. Kursk, Investsfera, pp 61–68
Zyuzin P, Trofimenko K, Shafranov I (2016) Potencial pereraspredeleniya passazhiropotokov mezhdu peresadochnymi uzlami prigorodno-gorodskogo zheleznodorozhnogo soobshheniya v Moskve (Potential for the redistribution of passenger flows between urban and regional railway hubs in Moscow). Transport Information Bulletin: 71–78
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zyuzin, P., Ryzhkov, A. (2016). Urban Public Transport Development: Trends and Reforms. In: Blinkin, M., Koncheva, E. (eds) Transport Systems of Russian Cities. Transportation Research, Economics and Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47800-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47800-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47799-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47800-5
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)