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Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders pp 447–462Cite as

Platelets and Coagulation

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Abstract

Platelet activation and blood coagulation are reciprocal processes, both contributing to hemostasis and thrombosis in an interactive way. Exposed collagen, von Willebrand factor (VWF), and other components of the subendothelial matrix initiate platelet adhesion, whereas exposed tissue factor simultaneously triggers the coagulation cascade. During the various phases of the coagulation process, activated platelets support and steer coagulation by at least four mechanisms, namely, by (1) exposing the procoagulant phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) at their outer surface; (2) releasing coagulation factors like factors V and XIII, as well as anticoagulant factors like tissue factor pathway inhibitor; (3) providing a scaffold for the formation of fibrin fibers; and (4) stimulating retraction of the fibrin clot. In this chapter, we describe these roles of platelets in detail, also focusing on the receptors and signaling pathways involved and on the distinct (anti)coagulant pathways.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge grant supports from the Landsteiner Foundation for Transfusion Research, the Netherlands Heart Foundation, the Cardiovascular Center Maastricht, and the associated EHA/ISTH board.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Johan W. M. Heemskerk, Judith M. E. M. Cosemans & Paola E. J. van der Meijden

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  1. Johan W. M. Heemskerk
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  2. Judith M. E. M. Cosemans
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  3. Paola E. J. van der Meijden
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Correspondence to Johan W. M. Heemskerk .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy

    Paolo Gresele

  2. Houston Methodist Hospital , Houston, Texas, USA

    Neal S. Kleiman

  3. Bloodworks Northwest, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA

    José A. Lopez

  4. Sackler Inst of Pulmonary Pharmacol, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Clive P. Page

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Heemskerk, J.W.M., Cosemans, J.M.E.M., van der Meijden, P.E.J. (2017). Platelets and Coagulation. In: Gresele, P., Kleiman, N., Lopez, J., Page, C. (eds) Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_32

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